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(C) it refers to someone who studies

antecedent of it is the word “phonetician”
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Although the word “phonetician” is popularly associated with Henry Higgins’s task of improving the diction of Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady, in linguistics, it is someone who studies the formation of language.


(A) it is someone who studies

(B) it is a person studying

(C) it refers to someone who studies

(D) they are people who study

(E) it is in reference to people who study




OFFICIAL EXPLANATION



C

The question here is: to what does the pronoun it refer? You might think it refers to phonetician, (in which case you might have thought the sentence was fine the way it was), but in fact it refers to the word. Choices A, B, and D could give the impression that the word is a person or persons. Choice E is awkward, and, like choice D, needlessly uses the plural people. The best answer is C.
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