aragonn
Anthropologists have traditionally accepted the theory that the island of Kantoa in the South Pacific was first inhabited by humans when Polynesian colonists from Hawaii reached the island in around 1200 A.D. This theory was overturned, however, by the recent discovery of a cache of tools in a cave on the island. The tools are clearly man-made, and they could not have been manufactured later than 300 A.D. This find not only alters our understanding of when people first inhabited Kantoa, but it also clearly suggests that humans must have inhabited Hawaii earlier than the traditionally accepted date of 500 A.D.
Which of the following is a potential flaw in the conclusion that humans must have inhabited Hawaii earlier than 500 A.D.?
A. The earliest inhabitants of Kantoa could have come from somewhere other than Hawaii.
B. The colonization of islands in the South Pacific required not only the capacity to build ocean-going vessels, but also an extraordinary level of courage.
C. The Polynesian islanders who colonized new islands are thought to have left their old islands because of population pressure or scarcity of food.
D. Kantoa is a far smaller island than the largest island in the Hawaiian island chain.
E. The tools found on Kantoa are similar to, although not exactly the same as, tools known to be used by ocean-going Polynesians in the first millennium A.D.
PremiseAnthropologists have traditionally accepted the theory that the island of Kantoa in the South Pacific was first inhabited by humans when Polynesian colonists from Hawaii reached the island in around 1200 A.D.
Counter PremiseRecent discovery of a cache of tools in a cave on the island. The tools are clearly man-made, and they could not have been manufactured later than 300 A.D.
Pre-thinkingThis leads us to think that the island could have been occupied by someone else before the Polynesian colonists came there in 1200 A.D. or these people came in earlier. But nowhere in the premise do they argue that the Polynesians came there before 1200 A.D. So that's not up for debate.
The premise doesn't recognize that people from anywhere else could have come to Kantoa and occupied it before the Polynesians. That's my understanding anyway. If flawed, do let me know.
That's why I chose A, when left between Choices A & E.
Kudos would help. Thank you.