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I have the same question, how money can pour itself. ‘A’ should be the answer.

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Official Explanation

Answers B and C are incorrect because they imply that the estimation took place during the 1990s, not during the present.

A is inferior to D because “estimated as having poured” is unidiomatic; E is inferior to D because it is less concise and because the ending of E could imply that the estimation refers to the creation of the bubble as well as to the $120 billion. D is the best answer.

ANSWER: D
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I have two issues here.

Is poured modifier, modifying $120 billion or verb?
If poured is verb then how money can itself poured into stocks.

Please explain the issues.
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Approximately $120 billion in venture capital is estimated as having poured into technology stocks during the late 1990s, creating a valuation bubble that burst in 2000.

A. Approximately $120 billion in venture capital is estimated as having poured into technology stocks during the late 1990s, creating

B. During the late 1990s approximately $120 billion in venture capital is estimated to have poured into technology stocks and created

C. During the late 1990s it is estimated that there was approximately $120 billion in venture capital that was poured into technology stocks, creating

D. It is estimated that during the late 1990s approximately $120 billion in venture capital poured into technology stocks, creating

E. It is estimated that there was approximately $120 billion in venture capital that poured into technology stocks during the late 1990s and created

Source: McGraw-Hill's GMAT

It is estimated that during the late 1990s approximately $120 billion in venture capital poured into technology stocks, creating
IMO D
sentence is mentioning about sequence of events which happened and resulted to cause something in future..
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hi guys,
I wanna know what about if it was written " it was estimated.... " in option C then Ould it be a correct choice ?
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hi guys,
I wanna know what about if it was written " it was estimated.... " in option C then Ould it be a correct choice ?
Hi Amit, it would still not be correct.

C is stating:

During the late 1990s it is/was estimated...

So, C is erroneously suggesting that the estimation was done in 1990s!

The intended meaning however, during the late 1990s, $120 billion in venture capital was poured into technology stocks.
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during the late 1990s approximately $120 billion in venture capital poured into technology stocks

In my opinion, above part in option D is in passive voice and this need a verb. \

@Experts , Pls suggest !
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abhik1502
during the late 1990s approximately $120 billion in venture capital poured into technology stocks

In my opinion, above part in option D is in passive voice and this need a verb. \

@Experts , Pls suggest !
Hi abhik1502,

The most important thing to remember here is that the passive is not always incorrect. That said, the portion that you picked up in not passive.

Active
X poured into Y.

Passive
X was poured into Y.
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abhik1502
during the late 1990s approximately $120 billion in venture capital poured into technology stocks

In my opinion, above part in option D is in passive voice and this need a verb. \

@Experts , Pls suggest !
Hi abhik1502,

The most important thing to remember here is that the passive is not always incorrect. That said, the portion that you picked up in not passive.

Active
X poured into Y.

Passive
X was poured into Y.


thanks AjiteshArun !

If my understanding is correct then in given example


X poured into Y -- is in active voice when X is doer of action Pouring
Otherwise incase X is not the doer of action then "poured into Y" acts as verb-ed modifier.
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abhik1502
thanks AjiteshArun !

If my understanding is correct then in given example


X poured into Y -- is in active voice when X is doer of action Pouring
Otherwise incase X is not the doer of action then "poured into Y" acts as verb-ed modifier.
Hi abhik1502,

Close enough, but we should probably also spend some time on the way pour has been used here. Pour does not mean ~put into (for example, a vessel) here. Have a look at the following sentences:

1. He poured the tea into a cup. ← "someone put something in something"

2. He poured money into the bond market. ← "someone moved something quickly, in large amounts"

3. Money poured into the bond market. ← "something moved quickly, in large amounts"

In (3), there is no "doer" of the type that is there in (2), but all three are fine (they are all complete sentences).

You'll find more examples here (the second entry, "to flow quickly and in large amounts").
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