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In question number 4, you will have to take a close look at paragraph 1:

It clearly states two conditions: 1) Historic 2)Natural

"The natural conditions include certain unchanging psychological laws of sight, for instance, the effects of colors or optical illusions." So clearly it is Laws of Nature, which are not affected by history, as the historical condition is mentioned separately.
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Explanation

4. The author cites the example of psychological laws of sight, for instance, the effects of colors or optical illusions in order to illustrate

Explanation

Use POE, let's read each option one by one.

A. Laws of nature, which are not affected by history

This seems something good, let's keep it and read the remaining answer choices

B. Laws of nature, which are affected by history

This is the opposite! the passage tells us that the laws of nature cannot be changed or affected.

C. Laws of nature, which change history

Same as (B) this is also opposite for the reason stated above. Out!

D. Laws of history, which are affected by nature

Although it is true that laws of history can be affected by nature but the law of history cannot be the psychological laws of sight, so this is also not our choice for this question.

E. Laws of history, which are not affected by nature

This is again the opposite.

Let's read the answer choice (A) again.

A. Laws of nature, which are not affected by history

Find its support from the passage, In the first paragraph: the author mentioned,

"..........The natural conditions include certain unchanging psychological laws of sight, for instance, the effects of colors or optical illusions."

So (A) is the best choice.

Answer: A

vasutandon
can someone explain question number 4?
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Can someone please explain Q2?

I am confused between choice A and B.
Choice A - Impressionism, which is an example of Style which is historical condition.
Choice B - Optical Illusion, which is natural condition.
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Explanation

2. The author mentions which of the following as one of the conditions through which art is seen?

Difficulty Level: 700

Explanation

This question is related to the first paragraph: read the complete first paragraph and make notes to understand how we can come to OA. The author said that:

Art is visible and everything we see is filtered through certain conditions, some of them are historical, and others are natural. So historical and natural are the two types of conditions. Historical conditions can be a general style, for example, the style of Impressionism. The natural conditions include certain unchanging psychological laws of sight, for instance, the effects of colors or optical illusions.

Now read the answer choices one by one.

A. Impressionism

This is a trap! the author said the style of Impressionism and not the Impressionism itself.

B. Optical illusions

This is the answer and is directly stated in the passage.

C. Nature

This is again is the major head of conditions, not the condition itself.

D. Perspective

This is out of scope.

E. Illusions

This is also out. Illusions can be of many types, which types of illusion this choice is talking about we don't know.

Answer: B

RohiniK
Can someone please explain Q2?

I am confused between choice A and B.
Choice A - Impressionism, which is an example of Style which is historical condition.
Choice B - Optical Illusion, which is natural condition.
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Sajjad1994
Explanation

2. The author mentions which of the following as one of the conditions through which art is seen?

Difficulty Level: 700

Explanation

This question is related to the first paragraph: read the complete first paragraph and make notes to understand how we can come to OA. The author said that:

Art is visible and everything we see is filtered through certain conditions, some of them are historical, and others are natural. So historical and natural are the two types of conditions. Historical conditions can be a general style, for example, the style of Impressionism. The natural conditions include certain unchanging psychological laws of sight, for instance, the effects of colors or optical illusions.

Now read the answer choices one by one.

A. Impressionism

This is a trap! the author said the style of Impressionism and not the Impressionism itself.

B. Optical illusions

This is the answer and is directly stated in the passage.

C. Nature

This is again is the major head of conditions, not the condition itself.

D. Perspective

This is out of scope.

E. Illusions

This is also out. Illusions can be of many types, which types of illusion this choice is talking about we don't know.

Answer: B

RohiniK
Can someone please explain Q2?

I am confused between choice A and B.
Choice A - Impressionism, which is an example of Style which is historical condition.
Choice B - Optical Illusion, which is natural condition.


The passage has stated "styles of impressionism" and hence we rejected B. But in that case, shouldn't we reject (B) since the passage is talking about "effects pf OI" and not just OI
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Sajjad1994
Explanation

2. The author mentions which of the following as one of the conditions through which art is seen?

Difficulty Level: 700

Explanation

This question is related to the first paragraph: read the complete first paragraph and make notes to understand how we can come to OA. The author said that:

Art is visible and everything we see is filtered through certain conditions, some of them are historical, and others are natural. So historical and natural are the two types of conditions. Historical conditions can be a general style, for example, the style of Impressionism. The natural conditions include certain unchanging psychological laws of sight, for instance, the effects of colors or optical illusions.

Now read the answer choices one by one.

A. Impressionism

This is a trap! the author said the style of Impressionism and not the Impressionism itself.

B. Optical illusions

This is the answer and is directly stated in the passage.

C. Nature

This is again is the major head of conditions, not the condition itself.

D. Perspective

This is out of scope.

E. Illusions

This is also out. Illusions can be of many types, which types of illusion this choice is talking about we don't know.

Answer: B

RohiniK
Can someone please explain Q2?

I am confused between choice A and B.
Choice A - Impressionism, which is an example of Style which is historical condition.
Choice B - Optical Illusion, which is natural condition.


The passage has stated "styles of impressionism" and hence we rejected B. But in that case, shouldn't we reject (B) since the passage is talking about "effects pf OI" and not just OI

I didn't find "effect of optical illusion" it is the effect of color which is another name of optical illusion not the effect of optical illusion.
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Can someone post an explanation for Q1? It would be really helpful.
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Can someone post an explanation for Q1? It would be really helpful.

Read the second half of the second paragraph:

"For the Egyptians, however, this was only the appearance of a transitory moment, which, according to their beliefs, was not real. Therefore, the Egyptians searched for the permanent essence and the typical character in their depiction of an object."

(D) is correct.
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Hi Experts

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Why C is not the answer for question 3

Option 3 is mentioned clearly is para 3
Is it because "It's not the landscape that is affected" as mentioned in option c

Please clear this doubt
Thanks
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Vatsal7794
Hi Experts

Why C is not the answer for question 3

Option 3 is mentioned clearly is para 3
Is it because "It's not the landscape that is affected" as mentioned in option c

Please clear this doubt
Thanks

Hey Vatsal7794

Happy to help.

Let's take a closer look at choice C.

    C: Even if the artist tried to make what he painted as similar as possible to the model he used, the landscape would be affected by many other systems of recognizing reality.

In essence, choice C is a repetition/paraphrase of choice A.

    A: Even if the artist tried to make what he painted as similar as possible to the model he used, he would not succeed.

We must eliminate choice C for the exact same reasons as we did choice A.

Choice C implies that because the artist's perception of a landscape is affected/altered by many other systems of recognizing reality, he would not be able to make what he painted as similar as possible to the model he used. In other words, his art would be different from the landscape.

But, the question is: "By asserting that art is filtered through certain conditions, the author suggests which of the following?"

We need to answer this question in the context of the passage. This passage is not about making exact replicas of landscapes. It is about interpreting art. The passage seeks to explain why there exist differences between art forms, and why the art of one civilization might appear absurd or incomprehensible to another. The answer lies in the realization that there are not only physical and psychological conditions (canvas, paint, style, etc.) but also systems of recognition (political, religions, etc.) that filter the artist's perception.

Quote:

The way in which reality appears in art must not be regarded on its own. It is affected by many other systems of recognizing reality, including the political, religious, economic, intellectual, and social — in short, all the phenomena of human life. Moreover, art is always of a certain epoch, with its particular conception of reality. Thus, when discussing, for example, the art of ancient myth, of medieval Christianity, or that of the technological age, one must be aware that myth, Christianity, or technology was the most salient feature of the epoch.

It is paradoxical to understand art as some kind of copy of the fields of experience connected with it. So, for example, it is meaningless for the work of art as such if one compares the landscape of a painting with the landscape, which served the artist as his model. Even if the artist had tried to make what he painted as similar as possible to the model he used, the landscape which he saw is only the matter from which something completely different emerges since he has submitted its view to the a priori conditions of art: namely to the material used (colors, canvas, etc.), to his style, and even to the fact that he paints on a flat surface. Thus one must contemplate a work of art by itself. Even if it is connected to other fields of experience it nevertheless displays something unique which appears in that piece of art and there alone.


I hope this helps.

Happy Learning!

Abhishek
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Vatsal7794

Why C is not the answer for question 3

Option 3 is mentioned clearly is para 3
Is it because "It's not the landscape that is affected" as mentioned in option c

First, this is not an official question, and the tag attached to this thread right now is incorrect; one can find the (unofficial) source with a Google search. A lot of the passage here doesn't really make any sense, and you won't see a real GMAT RC passage like this. Your question is a good one -- Q3 here really has two right answers, at least as I read things. Answer E is supported by paragraph #3, and answer C by paragraph #4. But it's a bit of a guessing game, because the text is using a lot of meaningless jargon (e.g. in answer C, "systems of recognizing reality" is just random words strung together).

Not a question worth paying attention to.
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