Avoiding experiencing the health issues attributable to consuming meat

IMO: C

Explanation

(A) Avoiding experiencing the health issues attributable to consuming meat and animal products, the diets of vegan athletes allow them to excel in sports from bodybuilding to sprinting. ---- Modifier error ('Avoiding experiencing health issues...' refers to 'the diets of vegan' instead of athletes) Incorrect

(B) While avoiding experiencing the health issues attributable to consuming meat and animal products, a vegan diet allows athletes to excel in sports from bodybuilding to sprinting. ---- Modifier error ('While avoiding experiencing the health issues...' refers to 'a vegan diet' instead of athletes) Incorrect

(C) In sports from bodybuilding to sprinting, vegan athletes excel while avoiding experiencing the health issues attributable to consuming meat and animal products. -----No error (Correct choice)

(D) Bodybuilding and sprinting, a vegan diet allows athletes to excel in sports while avoiding experiencing the health issues attributable to consuming meat and animal products. ---- Modifier error ('Bodybuilding and sprinting...' refers to 'a vegan diet' instead of athletes) Incorrect

(E) Vegan athletes excel in sports from bodybuilding to sprinting, who avoid experiencing the health issues attributable to consuming meat and animal products. ---- Modifier error (who is not close enough to refer to Vegan athletes) Incorrect

B certainly sounds ok. Also, B is grammatically correct. At the same time there is a meaning issue.

B begins with "While avoiding experiencing the health issues attributable to consuming meat and animal products".

Something that follows that opening modifier has to "avoid experiencing ... health issues".

What follows the opening modifier and seems to be the target of the modifier is "a vegan diet".

So we have, basically, "While avoiding experiencing health issues, a vegan diet allows ..."

That a vegan diet would experience health issues or avoid experiencing health issues does not make sense.

Yes, "athletes", which could logically be modified by "While avoiding experiencing the health issues ..." does appear in the sentence. However, the placement of the opening modifier associates it with "a vegan diet". Hence the term, "misplaced modifier."

In A, ‘Avoiding experiencing…’ is referring to ‘the diets…’, instead of the athletes themselves- wrong
B, again implies that the diet is avoiding experiencing the health issues, instead of the athletes- wrong
In D, ‘Body building and sprinting’ refers to ‘a vegan diet’. This makes no sense- wrong
E is less flawed but in it ‘who’ seems to refer to the sports, when it should refer to the athletes.
C has no flaws and is the correct option

why not E , why cannot " who" modify " Vegan athletes" , Is there any rule ? Please explain with examples.

I choose E and I am still pondering why is E wrong.