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Updated on: 26 Nov 2021, 22:29
Originally posted by AnthonyRitz on 26 Nov 2021, 12:32.
Last edited by AnthonyRitz on 26 Nov 2021, 22:29, edited 1 time in total.
Last edited by AnthonyRitz on 26 Nov 2021, 22:29, edited 1 time in total.
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Vatsal7794
The word "that," like most words in the English language, can play multiple roles. In particular, "that" can be a relative pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun, or a subordinating conjunction, among other things.
In our case, "that" in answer D is used as a demonstrative pronoun rather than a relative pronoun. It doesn't actually modify anything. Rather, the rules of parallelism and pronoun antecedents govern here because of the comparison. As such,
"the value of Monica Taylor's portfolio rose"
parallels
"[the value] of her daughter-in-law's [portfolio] dropped"
with "that" standing for "the value." Pronouns in general do not have to take their antecedents from the closest available nouns, and parallelism often informs pronoun reference, so there's no problem here.
kadamhari825
Parallelism helps here. If we didn't say "of her daughter-in-law's [portfolio]" then you'd end up stuck with "that" referencing "the value of Monica Taylor's portfolio," but since we replaced the modifier with this new, parallel modifier, it's understood that the prior one doesn't come along for the ride.
This exact lack of parallelism in E is precisely why E seems to say that "[the value of Monica Taylor's portfolio] dropped for her daughter-in-law's [portfolio]."
26 Nov 2021, 12:45
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GKomoku
"As" definitely means "while" here, and not "because"; it wouldn't even make sense to say that the value of one portfolio rose "because" the value of the other dropped. That said, "because" here wouldn't really be redundant so much as just nonsensical, given that it would attribute a different cause, rather than the same one as stated before.
27 Nov 2021, 23:23
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Vatsal7794
This is a very normal construction. When we use the relative pronouns "that" or "those" in a comparison, they refer to the previous noun without the previous modifier. So if I say "Apartments in New York cost more than those in Burlington," "those" refers just to apartments, and we are free to apply the new modifier. If I say "Apartments in New York cost more than they do in Burlington," then I have a problem. "They" doesn't work like "those," so this sentence would be saying that apts in NY cost more than apts in New York cost in Burlington. If that doesn't make sense to you, it's because . . . it doesn't make sense.
If for some reason we wanted/needed to keep "they," we could rewrite by applying our modifier to something other than "apartments": "Apartments cost more in New York than they do in Burlington."
This is a very normal construction. When we use the relative pronouns "that" or "those" in a comparison, they refer to the previous noun without the previous modifier. So if I say "Apartments in New York cost more than those in Burlington," "those" refers just to apartments, and we are free to apply the new modifier. If I say "Apartments in New York cost more than they do in Burlington," then I have a problem. "They" doesn't work like "those," so this sentence would be saying that apts in NY cost more than apts in New York cost in Burlington. If that doesn't make sense to you, it's because . . . it doesn't make sense.
If for some reason we wanted/needed to keep "they," we could rewrite by applying our modifier to something other than "apartments": "Apartments cost more in New York than they do in Burlington." 
