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Kurtosis
City Financial Manager: While the city budget for children’s programs continues to rise, children make up a markedly smaller percentage of our population compared to ten and twenty years ago. Given that fact, fewer programs for children are necessary and we can consequently cut expenditures for such programs.

Which of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

(A) Without budget cuts, the city will be unable to maintain its current level of services.

(B) The city’s population has not declined sharply over the past two decades.

(C) Children’s programs are an important factor in the decisions of families that consider moving to the city.

(D) There has not been a significant increase in the number of adults living in the city.

(E) Many of the children’s programs in the city are underutilized by the current population.
Conclusion: Cut expenditures for children's programs
Intermediate Conclusion: Fewer programs are necessary
Solve: Why are these programs being cut and why are they not necessary?
Answer: There are less children who make up a noticeable proportion of the cities population (as given in the question block)
How/Why: This is what we are trying to solve
The answer choices describe different "how's/whys"
A: Irrelevant, The budget windfalls of the city are not necessarily important as we would have been alerted within the text block
B: Close (Weakens the argument but is not necessarily an assumption needed for argument), while the proportion of children has indeed gone down, if we take answer choice B as the truth, we have contradicted the text block and thus eliminated our need to answer
C: Illogical, If the current children focused programs within the city make up such a noticeable proportion of the cities budget we can assume that the failure of the city in attracting families has been consistent, so why not increase the children's programs' budget?
D: Correct, The proportion of children has gone down, are we not assuming that there has been an influx of adults (who do not live with children) or an outflow of adults (leaving with their children)
E: Out of Bounds, While the city would have a justification in gutting an underutilized service, this does not factor in our information about the sinking children's population (introduces circular logic, underutilized because no children, no children because underutilized, ad infinitum) does the fact that the programs being underutilized factor into the falling population (not without further out of bounds reasoning)
- A concerned Netizen 2026
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City Financial Manager: While the city budget for children’s programs continues to rise, children make up a markedly smaller percentage of our population compared to ten and twenty years ago. Given that fact, fewer programs for children are necessary and we can consequently cut expenditures for such programs.

Which of the following is an assumption required by the argument?


The argument moves from “children are a smaller percentage of the population” to “fewer children’s programs are needed.” The key gap is that a smaller percentage does not necessarily mean fewer children. That drop in percentage could happen simply because the number of adults increased. So the argument requires the assumption that the percentage drop is not being driven by growth in the adult population.

(A) Without budget cuts, the city will be unable to maintain its current level of services.

This is not required. The argument is trying to show that cuts are justified because fewer programs are needed, not because the city urgently needs money elsewhere.

(B) The city’s population has not declined sharply over the past two decades.

This is not required. A population decline would not damage the argument. If anything, it could fit with the idea that fewer children’s programs are needed.

(C) Children’s programs are an important factor in the decisions of families that consider moving to the city.

This is irrelevant. The argument is about current need for children’s programs, not about attracting future residents.

(D) There has not been a significant increase in the number of adults living in the city.

This is the required assumption. If the number of adults has risen sharply, then children could make up a smaller percentage even if the number of children has not fallen at all. In that case, the conclusion that fewer children’s programs are necessary would not follow.

(E) Many of the children’s programs in the city are underutilized by the current population.

This would strengthen the argument, but it is not required. The manager’s argument does not depend on direct evidence of underuse.

Answer: (D)
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