Some FAFSA/Loan info from the UCLA financial aid office...
I believe the UCLA fin aid officer told me that this is how it works:
Total Yearly Budget - EFC = Need Based Loans (includes both Subsidized and Unsub loans, up to 20,500)
If you need more than $20,500 for need based loans, you supplement the rest with Grad PLUS loan.
Everyone can borrow up to their total budget using the Grad PLUS loan, regardless of need or EFC.
Hope that makes sense... took me a while to figure that out talking to the officer.
For example: If you have a total yearly budget of $80K, and your FAFSA EFC is $60K, that means your Need Based Loans is $20K.
That $20K can come as $8500 from Subsidized and $11500 from Unsubsidized Stafford Loans.
Now you still have $60K of EFC to deal with, which you can pay out of pocket or use the Grad PLUS loan to borrow the entire $60K.
Example 2: The same budget, but your EFC is $40K.
Your need based loans exceed the $20,500 that the stafford loans cover, so you borrow that entire amount. The remaining $19,500 you would borrow with the PLUS loan, as well as the $40K EFC if you choose to do so, for a total of $59,500 with the PLUS Loan.
Hope this makes sense... please let me know if you have questions and if I got something wrong.