Corporations will soon be required to report to the government whether they have the necessary reserves to pay the pension benefits
earned by their employees and that the information be published in annual reports to shareholders.
Option Elimination -
(A) earned by their employees and that the information be published - "and" demands parallelism. Will be required "to" and will be required "that" - not parallel and will be required "that" also doesn't make sense. Moreover, on one side, we have an infinitive, and on the other side, we have a subjunctive. Wrong.
(B) that their employees earned and that the information be published - trying to mislead into a false "that" parallelism. But the same issue persists as in A.
(C) that was earned by their employees with the information being published - "that" referring to "benefits" is plural. Need plural verb "were." But that'll still be useless as this construction changes the meaning that employees earned pension benefits using published information. "being published" is modifying what? Information. Another critical point is that using "being" as a modifier is not preferred on GMAT because of the meaning issue it creates. We can use "being" if it's acting as a noun/noun phrase, such as Being punctual is an essential trait in the business world, or passive continuous verbs, such as - The car is being repaired by the mechanics.
(D) earned by their employees, information that must also be published - ok. "information that must also be published" is a flexible adverbial modifier modifying the previous clause.
(E) earned by their employees and published the information - trying to mislead with false "ed" parallelism. "earned" is an "ed" verbal while "published" is a past tense verb. Not parallel. Moreover, "and" demands strict parallelism with the right entity. Will be required "to report" and will be required "published" - wrong.