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AD2GMAT
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Hi DAakash7, frankly it is an overkill to do this exercise for every sentence and every option.

However, for academic purposes only, here goes:

i) In order to conserve the energy and heat they need to spend the entire winter sitting motionless over incubating eggs: Prepositional phrase (here, it is adverbial). This prepositional phrase has a relative clause embedded as well: they need. All relative clause are Adjectivial.

ii) male emperor penguins huddle over the nests in groups - Main clause (Independent clause)

iii) thereby reducing the rate at which they burn energy so that it is 25 percent lower than it would be for isolated birds - Participial Phrase
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