Reason why C is not correct:
C: More people file Schedule X than earn an income below the specified amount.
What does this mean?
This implies that the total number of people filing Schedule X is greater than the total number of people earning below the threshold.
Why isn’t this necessarily true?
The observation only tells us about the proportion of people filing Schedule X who earn below the threshold. It does not give information about the total number of people in the country earning below the threshold.
It is entirely possible that the number of people earning below the threshold (who may or may not file Schedule X) is much larger than the number of people filing Schedule X.
For example:
Suppose 10,000 people file Schedule X, and 7,000 of them earn below the threshold.
If the total number of people earning below the threshold in the country is 50,000, this would mean C is false.
True Statements:
B: More people file Schedule X with their income tax return than earn an annual income above the specified amount.
Why is this true?
By the given observation, most people filing Schedule X earn below the specified threshold.
This means the total number of Schedule X filers must exceed the total number of people earning above the threshold.
For example:
If 100 people file Schedule X, and 80 of them earn below the threshold, only 20 earn above the threshold. Clearly, the total number of Schedule X filers (100) is greater than the number earning above the threshold (20).
False Statements:
A: More people earn an income above the specified amount than file Schedule X with their income tax return.
Why is this false?
By policy, everyone earning above the threshold must file Schedule X.
Therefore, the number of people earning above the threshold cannot exceed the number of people filing Schedule X—it will either be equal to or less than the number of Schedule X filers.
Since most Schedule X filers earn below the threshold, the number of Schedule X filers is greater than the number of people earning above the threshold, making this statement false.