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Updated on: 12 Oct 2019, 00:23
Originally posted by rainfall on 15 Nov 2009, 05:28.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 12 Oct 2019, 00:23, edited 7 times in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 12 Oct 2019, 00:23, edited 7 times in total.
Updated - Complete topic (946).
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Question 1
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
78% (02:47) correct
22%
(02:40) wrong
based on 324
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
26% (00:48) correct 74%
(00:52) wrong
based on 456
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
69% (01:01) correct 31%
(01:14) wrong
based on 356
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
63% (01:01) correct 37%
(01:01) wrong
based on 366
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 5
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
63% (01:18) correct 37%
(01:18) wrong
based on 342
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 6
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
75% (00:39) correct 25%
(00:55) wrong
based on 337
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 7
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
57% (00:42) correct 43%
(00:51) wrong
based on 330
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 8
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
84% (00:19) correct 16%
(00:23) wrong
based on 273
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
New Project RC Butler 2019 - Practice 2 RC Passages Everyday
Passage # 236, Date : 29-Jul-2019
This post is a part of New Project RC Butler 2019. Click here for Details
Passage # 236, Date : 29-Jul-2019
This post is a part of New Project RC Butler 2019. Click here for Details
Desertification, the creation of desert-like conditions where none had existed before, is the result of the vagaries of weather and climate or the mismanagement of the land or, in most cases, some combination of both. Such ecological deterioration in the Sahel has been linked in several ways to the increased size of livestock herds. During the fifteen years preceding 1968, a period of extremely favorable rainfall, the pastoralists moved into the marginal regions in the north with relatively large herds. However, with the onset of a series of dry years beginning at the end of the rainy season in 1967, the pastoral populations found themselves overtaxing very marginal rangelands, with the result that the nomads viewed themselves as victims of a natural disaster. The mistaken idea that drought is an unexpected event has often been used to excuse the fact that long-range planning has failed to take rainfall variability into account. People blame the climate for agricultural failures in semiarid regions and make it a scapegoat for faulty population and agricultural policies.
Deterioration and ultimately desertification in the Sahel and in other ecosystems can be combated only if an ecologically realistic carrying capacity for the rangelands is determined. Although there appears to be widespread agreement that such a determination would be significant, there has been little agreement on how to make operational the concept of carrying capacity, defined as the amount of grazing stock that the pasture can support without deterioration of either the pasture or the stock. Should the carrying capacity be geared to the best, the average, or the poorest years? Which combination of statistical measures would be most meaningful for the planning of long-term development of rangelands? On which variables should such an assessment be based, vegetation, rainfall, soil, ground and surface water, or managerial capabilities? Such inconclusiveness within the scientific community, while understandable, creates confusion for the land managers, who often decide to take no action or who decide that all scientific suggestions are of equal weight and, therefore, indiscriminately choose any one of those suggested. Given the downward spiral of land deterioration, it becomes essential that an ecologically acceptable carrying capacity be established and enforced.
It will also be crucial that land managers know what statistical and quasi-statistical measures actually mean: no single number can adequately describe the climate regime of an arid or semiarid region. Land managers must supplement such terms as the “mean” with more informative statistical measures to characterize adequately the variability of the climate. The understanding of this high degree of variability will serve to remove one of the major obstacles to resolving the perennial problems of the Sahel and of other arid or semiarid regions.
Deterioration and ultimately desertification in the Sahel and in other ecosystems can be combated only if an ecologically realistic carrying capacity for the rangelands is determined. Although there appears to be widespread agreement that such a determination would be significant, there has been little agreement on how to make operational the concept of carrying capacity, defined as the amount of grazing stock that the pasture can support without deterioration of either the pasture or the stock. Should the carrying capacity be geared to the best, the average, or the poorest years? Which combination of statistical measures would be most meaningful for the planning of long-term development of rangelands? On which variables should such an assessment be based, vegetation, rainfall, soil, ground and surface water, or managerial capabilities? Such inconclusiveness within the scientific community, while understandable, creates confusion for the land managers, who often decide to take no action or who decide that all scientific suggestions are of equal weight and, therefore, indiscriminately choose any one of those suggested. Given the downward spiral of land deterioration, it becomes essential that an ecologically acceptable carrying capacity be established and enforced.
It will also be crucial that land managers know what statistical and quasi-statistical measures actually mean: no single number can adequately describe the climate regime of an arid or semiarid region. Land managers must supplement such terms as the “mean” with more informative statistical measures to characterize adequately the variability of the climate. The understanding of this high degree of variability will serve to remove one of the major obstacles to resolving the perennial problems of the Sahel and of other arid or semiarid regions.
1. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) criticizing a social attitude
(B) suggesting an approach to solving a problem
(C) explaining the mechanics of a process
(D) defending the theories of ecological scientists
(E) establishing criteria for an experiment
(A) criticizing a social attitude
(B) suggesting an approach to solving a problem
(C) explaining the mechanics of a process
(D) defending the theories of ecological scientists
(E) establishing criteria for an experiment
2. According to the passage, which of the following contributed to the desertification of the Sahel?
I. The size of the livestock herds grazing on the land
II. The quality of the land in the Sahel
III. The amount of rainfall after 1967
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II, and III
I. The size of the livestock herds grazing on the land
II. The quality of the land in the Sahel
III. The amount of rainfall after 1967
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II, and III
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the nomadic tribes who moved into the marginal regions of the Sahel did NOT
(A) enlarge the size of their livestock herds
(B) conserve water after the drought began
(C) live in the Sahel after 1968
(D) expect a drastic change in weather conditions
(E) seek governmental aid in overcoming drought conditions
(A) enlarge the size of their livestock herds
(B) conserve water after the drought began
(C) live in the Sahel after 1968
(D) expect a drastic change in weather conditions
(E) seek governmental aid in overcoming drought conditions
4. It can be inferred from the passage that the concept of the carrying capacity of land is
(A) still hypothetical rather than practical
(B) basically political rather than ecological
(C) independent of climatic conditions
(D) relatively unknown among ecologists
(E) generally misrepresented by ecologists
(A) still hypothetical rather than practical
(B) basically political rather than ecological
(C) independent of climatic conditions
(D) relatively unknown among ecologists
(E) generally misrepresented by ecologists
5. Which of the following best states the author’s view concerning the relationship between the ecological scientist and the land manager?
(A) The scientist has not provided the manager with clear guidelines that can be used in regulating the productivity of land.
(B) The scientist has provided theories that are too detailed for the manager to use successfully.
(C) The scientist and the manager, in attempting to regulate the use of semiarid land, have ignored the traditional behavior patterns of pastoral communities.
(D) The manager has misunderstood and hence misapplied the suggestions of the scientist.
(E) The manager has chosen from among the scientist’s suggestions those that are economically rather than ecologically safe.
(A) The scientist has not provided the manager with clear guidelines that can be used in regulating the productivity of land.
(B) The scientist has provided theories that are too detailed for the manager to use successfully.
(C) The scientist and the manager, in attempting to regulate the use of semiarid land, have ignored the traditional behavior patterns of pastoral communities.
(D) The manager has misunderstood and hence misapplied the suggestions of the scientist.
(E) The manager has chosen from among the scientist’s suggestions those that are economically rather than ecologically safe.
6. With which of the following statements concerning desertification would the author be most likely to agree?
(A) It is the result of factors beyond the control of science.
(B) It is a problem largely affecting arid regions.
(C) It could be prevented if land managers understood statistics.
(D) It is not always the result of drastic climate changes alone.
(E) It is not attributable to faulty agricultural policies.
(A) It is the result of factors beyond the control of science.
(B) It is a problem largely affecting arid regions.
(C) It could be prevented if land managers understood statistics.
(D) It is not always the result of drastic climate changes alone.
(E) It is not attributable to faulty agricultural policies.
7. According to the passage, a statistical description of the climate regime of an arid or semiarid region would probably be
(A) misleading
(B) impossible
(C) complex
(D) meaningless
(E) abstract
(A) misleading
(B) impossible
(C) complex
(D) meaningless
(E) abstract
8. The tone of the passage can best be described as
(A) flippant
(B) objective
(C) aggressive
(D) apologetic
(E) unconcerned
(A) flippant
(B) objective
(C) aggressive
(D) apologetic
(E) unconcerned
14 May 2019, 21:57
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5. Which of the following best states the author’s view concerning the relationship between the ecological scientist and the land manager?
(A) The scientist has not provided the manager with clear guidelines that can be used in regulating the productivity of land.
(B) The scientist has provided theories that are too detailed for the manager to use successfully.
(C) The scientist and the manager, in attempting to regulate the use of semiarid land, have ignored the traditional behavior patterns of pastoral communities.
(D) The manager has misunderstood and hence misapplied the suggestions of the scientist.
(E) The manager has chosen from among the scientist’s suggestions those that are economically rather than ecologically safe.
Why is A right?? "creates confusion for the land managers, who often decide to take no action or who decide that all scientific suggestions are of equal weight and, therefore, indiscriminately choose any one of those suggested." I choose D.
Q7 confused between c vs E.
5. Which of the following best states the author’s view concerning the relationship between the ecological scientist and the land manager?
(A) The scientist has not provided the manager with clear guidelines that can be used in regulating the productivity of land.
(B) The scientist has provided theories that are too detailed for the manager to use successfully.
(C) The scientist and the manager, in attempting to regulate the use of semiarid land, have ignored the traditional behavior patterns of pastoral communities.
(D) The manager has misunderstood and hence misapplied the suggestions of the scientist.
(E) The manager has chosen from among the scientist’s suggestions those that are economically rather than ecologically safe.
Why is A right?? "creates confusion for the land managers, who often decide to take no action or who decide that all scientific suggestions are of equal weight and, therefore, indiscriminately choose any one of those suggested." I choose D.
Q7 confused between c vs E.
30 Jul 2019, 02:17
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1. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) criticizing a social attitude => The author has a suggestive approach, incorrect
(B) suggesting an approach to solving a problem => The author mentions in the 2nd para: Deterioration and ultimately desertification in the Sahel and in other ecosystems can be combated only if... this signifies a suggestive approach. Moreover the last para states a number of suggestions from the author, hence correct
(C) explaining the mechanics of a process => No process is explained, incorrect
(D) defending the theories of ecological scientists => the passage does not contain theories from ecologists, incorrect
(E) establishing criteria for an experiment => out of scope, incorrect
2. According to the passage, which of the following contributed to the desertification of the Sahel?
I. The size of the livestock herds grazing on the land
II. The quality of the land in the Sahel
III. The amount of rainfall after 1967
The OA is not provided, but i chose D on the basis of the following:
The 1st para states:
1) the pastoralists moved into the marginal regions in the north with relatively large herds => as per point I above
2) the pastoral populations found themselves overtaxing very marginal rangelands => as per point I above
3) However, with the onset of a series of dry years beginning at the end of the rainy season in 1967 => the same is mentioned in point III above
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the nomadic tribes who moved into the marginal regions of the Sahel did NOT
(A) enlarge the size of their livestock herds=> cannot be inferred, incorrect
(B) conserve water after the drought began =>water conservation not mentioned, cannot be inferred, incorrect
(C) live in the Sahel after 1968 => cannot be inferred, incorrect
(D) expect a drastic change in weather conditions => However, with the onset of a series of dry years beginning at the end of the rainy season in 1967, the pastoral populations found themselves overtaxing very marginal rangelands, with the result that the nomads viewed themselves as victims of a natural disaster => we can infer that the tribes did not expect the change, hence, correct
(E) seek governmental aid in overcoming drought conditions => Out of scope, incorrect
4. It can be inferred from the passage that the concept of the carrying capacity of land is
(A) still hypothetical rather than practical => Para 2 states: Such inconclusiveness within the scientific community, while understandable, creates confusion for the land managers who often decide to take no action or who decide that all scientific suggestions are of equal weight - hence, we can infer that it is still hypothetical rather than practical => hence correct
(B) basically political rather than ecological => political is out of scope, incorrect
(C) independent of climatic conditions => passage states that it is dependent on climatic conditions like rainfall => incorrect
(D) relatively unknown among ecologists => it is a known concept, but with inconclusiveness=> incorrect
(E) generally misrepresented by ecologists => out of scope
5. Which of the following best states the author’s view concerning the relationship between the ecological scientist and the land manager?
(A) The scientist has not provided the manager with clear guidelines that can be used in regulating the productivity of land.
Para 2 states:
Such inconclusiveness within the scientific community, while understandable, creates confusion for the land managers, who often decide to take no action or who decide that all scientific suggestions are of equal weight and, therefore, indiscriminately choose any one of those suggested.
6. With which of the following statements concerning desertification would the author be most likely to agree?
(D) It is not always the result of drastic climate changes alone.
In para 1, the author mentions :
Desertification, the creation of desert-like conditions where none had existed before, is the result of the vagaries of weather and climate or the mismanagement of the land or, in most cases, some combination of both
7. According to the passage, a statistical description of the climate regime of an arid or semiarid region would probably be
(A) misleading
(B) impossible
(C) complex => the last para states : no single number can adequately describe the climate regime of an arid or semiarid region. Land managers must supplement such terms as the “mean” with more informative statistical measures to characterize adequately the variability of the climate- hence, correct
(D) meaningless
(E) abstract
8. The tone of the passage can best be described as
(A) flippant => The author infact has a serious and suggestive tone, this is opposite => hence incorrect
(B) objective => Correct
(C) aggressive => the author is not aggressive, rather suggestive. Incorrect
(D) apologetic => The author has a suggestive tone, not apologetic, incorrect
(E) unconcerned => The author has a suggestive tone, he is not "unconcerned", incorrect
(A) criticizing a social attitude => The author has a suggestive approach, incorrect
(B) suggesting an approach to solving a problem => The author mentions in the 2nd para: Deterioration and ultimately desertification in the Sahel and in other ecosystems can be combated only if... this signifies a suggestive approach. Moreover the last para states a number of suggestions from the author, hence correct
(C) explaining the mechanics of a process => No process is explained, incorrect
(D) defending the theories of ecological scientists => the passage does not contain theories from ecologists, incorrect
(E) establishing criteria for an experiment => out of scope, incorrect
2. According to the passage, which of the following contributed to the desertification of the Sahel?
I. The size of the livestock herds grazing on the land
II. The quality of the land in the Sahel
III. The amount of rainfall after 1967
The OA is not provided, but i chose D on the basis of the following:
The 1st para states:
1) the pastoralists moved into the marginal regions in the north with relatively large herds => as per point I above
2) the pastoral populations found themselves overtaxing very marginal rangelands => as per point I above
3) However, with the onset of a series of dry years beginning at the end of the rainy season in 1967 => the same is mentioned in point III above
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the nomadic tribes who moved into the marginal regions of the Sahel did NOT
(A) enlarge the size of their livestock herds=> cannot be inferred, incorrect
(B) conserve water after the drought began =>water conservation not mentioned, cannot be inferred, incorrect
(C) live in the Sahel after 1968 => cannot be inferred, incorrect
(D) expect a drastic change in weather conditions => However, with the onset of a series of dry years beginning at the end of the rainy season in 1967, the pastoral populations found themselves overtaxing very marginal rangelands, with the result that the nomads viewed themselves as victims of a natural disaster => we can infer that the tribes did not expect the change, hence, correct
(E) seek governmental aid in overcoming drought conditions => Out of scope, incorrect
4. It can be inferred from the passage that the concept of the carrying capacity of land is
(A) still hypothetical rather than practical => Para 2 states: Such inconclusiveness within the scientific community, while understandable, creates confusion for the land managers who often decide to take no action or who decide that all scientific suggestions are of equal weight - hence, we can infer that it is still hypothetical rather than practical => hence correct
(B) basically political rather than ecological => political is out of scope, incorrect
(C) independent of climatic conditions => passage states that it is dependent on climatic conditions like rainfall => incorrect
(D) relatively unknown among ecologists => it is a known concept, but with inconclusiveness=> incorrect
(E) generally misrepresented by ecologists => out of scope
5. Which of the following best states the author’s view concerning the relationship between the ecological scientist and the land manager?
(A) The scientist has not provided the manager with clear guidelines that can be used in regulating the productivity of land.
Para 2 states:
Such inconclusiveness within the scientific community, while understandable, creates confusion for the land managers, who often decide to take no action or who decide that all scientific suggestions are of equal weight and, therefore, indiscriminately choose any one of those suggested.
6. With which of the following statements concerning desertification would the author be most likely to agree?
(D) It is not always the result of drastic climate changes alone.
In para 1, the author mentions :
Desertification, the creation of desert-like conditions where none had existed before, is the result of the vagaries of weather and climate or the mismanagement of the land or, in most cases, some combination of both
7. According to the passage, a statistical description of the climate regime of an arid or semiarid region would probably be
(A) misleading
(B) impossible
(C) complex => the last para states : no single number can adequately describe the climate regime of an arid or semiarid region. Land managers must supplement such terms as the “mean” with more informative statistical measures to characterize adequately the variability of the climate- hence, correct
(D) meaningless
(E) abstract
8. The tone of the passage can best be described as
(A) flippant => The author infact has a serious and suggestive tone, this is opposite => hence incorrect
(B) objective => Correct
(C) aggressive => the author is not aggressive, rather suggestive. Incorrect
(D) apologetic => The author has a suggestive tone, not apologetic, incorrect
(E) unconcerned => The author has a suggestive tone, he is not "unconcerned", incorrect
