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ThePlayer
Joined: 29 Jul 2015
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10 Mar 2016, 08:39
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Hi Guys , I have a doubt with the below 2 questions-
Can someone please explain that Why in Option B of Q1 sentence starting after comma- ",its square mile.." is Not an Independent Clause , whereas in Option D of Q2 sentence starting after comma ", it is now included in virtually..." is an Independent Clause ? Also can someone please help with the Q2 , I know it has been posted earlier on this forum but the explanation was not clear to me.
Thanks !
Q1. With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.
(A) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with
(B) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its
(C) Europa has long been considered as far too cold to support life and has
(D) Europa, long considered as far too cold to support life, and its
(E) Europa, long considered to be far too cold to support life, and to have
Q2. In 1995 Richard Stallman, a well-known critic of the patent system, testified in Patent Office hearings that, to test the system, a colleague of his had managed to win a patent for one of Kirchhoff's laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and now included in virtually every textbook of elementary physics.
(A) laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and
(B) laws, which was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and it is
(C) laws, namely, it was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and
(D) laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845, it is
(E) laws that was an observation about electric current, first made in 1845, and is
Can someone please explain that Why in Option B of Q1 sentence starting after comma- ",its square mile.." is Not an Independent Clause , whereas in Option D of Q2 sentence starting after comma ", it is now included in virtually..." is an Independent Clause ? Also can someone please help with the Q2 , I know it has been posted earlier on this forum but the explanation was not clear to me.
Thanks !
Q1. With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.
(A) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with
(B) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its
(C) Europa has long been considered as far too cold to support life and has
(D) Europa, long considered as far too cold to support life, and its
(E) Europa, long considered to be far too cold to support life, and to have
Q2. In 1995 Richard Stallman, a well-known critic of the patent system, testified in Patent Office hearings that, to test the system, a colleague of his had managed to win a patent for one of Kirchhoff's laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and now included in virtually every textbook of elementary physics.
(A) laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and
(B) laws, which was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and it is
(C) laws, namely, it was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and
(D) laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845, it is
(E) laws that was an observation about electric current, first made in 1845, and is
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10 Mar 2016, 08:53
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An observation about electric current first made in 1845 - is not an independent clause. Here "Made" is acting as a participle and not a verb. - Noun + Noun phrase. (No verb). Just see the meaning. "An observation made" - Can an observation make anything? No. Here made act as a modifier.
An observation was made in 1845 - Here its a complete sentence having Noun + Verb.
Lina bird found in 1845 near chile -> Here what will you say about found is it a verb or modifier? If so how? Just think about it. For your first query also the response above will answer you.
Read e-gmat verb -ING and Verb -ed modifiers. It will help you a lot in understanding this topics.
An observation was made in 1845 - Here its a complete sentence having Noun + Verb.
Lina bird found in 1845 near chile -> Here what will you say about found is it a verb or modifier? If so how? Just think about it. For your first query also the response above will answer you.
Read e-gmat verb -ING and Verb -ed modifiers. It will help you a lot in understanding this topics.
10 Mar 2016, 08:56
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ThePlayer
Hi,
lets see the two sentences separately--
Q With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.
1) here " its" is the possesive form and not the same as IT IS, of Q 2..
2) the clause its 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom. is describing the previous close--Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life-- so its dependent on this clause
QIn 1995 Richard Stallman, a well-known critic of the patent system, testified in Patent Office hearings that, to test the system, a colleague of his had managed to win a patent for one of Kirchhoff's laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 ,it is now included in virtually every textbook of elementary physics.
Ofcourse the choice D has to be a wrong choice because it modifies the previous clause where it is supposed to be parallel to it..
1) firstly -- an observation...-- is a dependent absolute modifier/phrase
2) By making --it is..-- as another dependent clause, you will have fragments..
3) an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and now included in virtually every textbook of elementary physics.-- Both underlined portion are parallel and modify "AN OBSERVATION"..
