OEIt is more idiomatic to say that the judges dissented in a case, or that the judges dissented from an opinion or interpretation than to say the judges dissented with a case.
The correct response is (E), “those” is the correct pronoun to refer back to “justices,” while “later dissented in another landmark case” correctly uses a past-tense verb.
If you chose (A), “half as many as later dissented” is not correct. This answer choice appears to be saying “two is half as many as later dissented” A better way of expressing this comparison is to say “two is half the number that later dissented”. Additionally, it is more idiomatic to say “the judges dissented in a landmark case” than to say “the judges dissented with a landmark case”. You can disagree with the verdict reached in a case, but you don’t disagree with the case itself.
If you chose (B), since “those” refers to people, the “justices,” we cannot use the pronoun “that.” Only “who” and “whom” can refer to people.
If you chose (C), the phrase “judgment of the defendant” here implies that the defendant was the one making the judgment, which is clearly false. In addition, the phrase “half the number as dissented later on” is needlessly wordy. Look for a more concise choice.
If you chose (D), “the ones” is an awkward choice of pronoun. Additionally, since the pronoun “which” refers to the immediately preceding noun (judgment), this answer choice appears to be saying “the judgment was half the ones who later dissented in…”
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