cool16 wrote:
Hi expert ,
i am aware that preposition is always followed by noun or noun phrase .
in the above question " credited with " is followed by " having pioneered........." , which i think working as noun phrase.
my concern is in what scenario " having ........ " works as noun phrase and in what scenario it doesn't , also it would be helpful if you explain this phenomenon with some simple example.
also is usage of ones is correct in option D ( if we replace as with "with" )?
If an "-ing" word functions as the subject of a verb, or any kind of object, it functions as a noun. For example:
"Swimming is one my least favorite activities, but it beats the heck out of drowning."
In this case, both "swimming" and "drowning" are functioning as nouns - "swimming" as the subject of the verb "is" and "drowning" as the object of the preposition "of."
However, if the "-ing" word is
describing something, then it functions as a modifier:
"Having lost his life savings by betting on the Trailblazers to sweep the Warriors, Johnny decided to take a break from gambling."
Here, the phrase "having lost" is describing "Johnny," so it's a modifier rather than a noun. (You can also argue that "having lost" is describing why Johnny decided to take a break. Either modification is logical.)
For more on "-ing" words and their many uses, check out
this article.
As for (D), if I'm interpreting your question correctly, you're wondering if we could write, "Egyptians are credited
with the ones who pioneered embalming methods as long ago as 2650 B.C." That construction is problematic because "with" seems to mean "along with", so it seems to imply that there are two distinct groups receiving credit: 1) Egyptians and 2) the ones who pioneered embalming methods. This doesn't make sense - it's not clear what either group is receiving credit for. It's far clearer to attribute credit to the Egyptians alone for having pioneered the embalming methods.
I hope that helps!
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