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IMO E

Common sense, is a collection of theories that have been tested over time and found useful, (x)
Alternate theories, gradually take the place of theories already embodied in common sense (y)
causes common sense to progress, but, because it absorbs new theories slowly, it always contains some obsolete theories

(A) At least some new theories that have not yet been found to be more useful than any theory currently part of common sense will never be absorbed into the body of common sense. - Not yet been found, is like out of the scope of this argument.

(B) Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.
The argument doesn't mention the usefulness.

(C) The frequency with which new theories are generated prevents their rapid absorption into the body of common sense.
Frequency- OOS

(D) Each theory within the body of common sense is eventually replaced with a new theory that is more useful.
Ok this is fine, But the older ones still help

(E) At least some theories that have been tested over time and found useful are less useful than some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense.
This sums up correctly, Mentioned in (x) and (y)
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Wanted to understand - how do you save time in such questions? Where should the most time spent? Should we involve in pre-thinking in such questions? - and if not, how to identify where we should start looking at answer choices instead of pre-thinking.
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I see that everyone is selecting option E.
What I don't understand is how do we know that "some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense. " is actually talking about the good/alternate theories or bad theories ?
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PRNDL
I see that everyone is selecting option E.
What I don't understand is how do we know that "some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense. " is actually talking about the good/alternate theories or bad theories ?

PRNDL,
Good theories are a subset of ALL theories. Therefore, any (collection of) good theories would be a part of the bigger set of SOME theories.

Hope this helps.
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Hello expert,
I was stuck between B and E. Finally I choose correctly cuz for me E is more certain than B, but I don’t know where B is wrong. Plz help?
The passage says “alternative theory which is proven more useful will take place the old one and come into the body of common sense”, so——>B: the newer one (alternative one) is more useful than the older one (the original one which is taken place). Where is it wrong? Thanks in advance. I
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Mavisdu1017
Hello expert,
I was stuck between B and E. Finally I choose correctly cuz for me E is more certain than B, but I don’t know where B is wrong. Plz help?
The passage says “alternative theory which is proven more useful will take place the old one and come into the body of common sense”, so——>B: the newer one (alternative one) is more useful than the older one (the original one which is taken place). Where is it wrong? Thanks in advance. I

Hi Mavisdu1017, I'm happy to help. The issue with Option B is that we don't know which of the two categories of theories is "generally" more useful.

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Mavisdu1017
Hello expert,
I was stuck between B and E. Finally I choose correctly cuz for me E is more certain than B, but I don’t know where B is wrong. Plz help?
The passage says “alternative theory which is proven more useful will take place the old one and come into the body of common sense”, so——>B: the newer one (alternative one) is more useful than the older one (the original one which is taken place). Where is it wrong? Thanks in advance. I
Here's the exact wording of (B):
Quote:
(B) Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.
(B) talks about ALL of the useful theories that make up "common sense." Can we say with absolute certainty that, across all of these theories, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones?

The passage tells us that older theories are replaced by newer ones. But it really doesn't give us a sense of what proportion of older theories are replaced by newer ones -- have ALL of the old theories replaced, or only SOME of them? We really can't say. So, it's quite possible that there are many older theories that are highly useful, and only SOME older theories are replaced by newer, more useful theories.

Similarly, the passage doesn't give us a way to compare theories that make up different parts of "common sense." Perhaps one area of common sense (for example, land navigation), has a set of extremely useful tools that have been around for a long time. Separately, another area (for example, healthy living), could be made up of newly evolved theories that haven't reached the same level of "usefulness" as land navigation.

The passage allows us to compare new theories with the old theories that they replaced -- for example, new healthy living theories are more useful than old healthy living theories. However, we really can't compare new healthy living theories to old land navigation theories. So, we can't say that across all parts of common sense, the newer theories are more useful than the old theories.

Eliminate (B).

I hope that helps!
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Mavisdu1017
Hello expert,
I was stuck between B and E. Finally I choose correctly cuz for me E is more certain than B, but I don’t know where B is wrong. Plz help?
The passage says “alternative theory which is proven more useful will take place the old one and come into the body of common sense”, so——>B: the newer one (alternative one) is more useful than the older one (the original one which is taken place). Where is it wrong? Thanks in advance. I
Here's the exact wording of (B):
Quote:
(B) Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.
(B) talks about ALL of the useful theories that make up "common sense." Can we say with absolute certainty that, across all of these theories, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones?

The passage tells us that older theories are replaced by newer ones. But it really doesn't give us a sense of what proportion of older theories are replaced by newer ones -- have ALL of the old theories replaced, or only SOME of them? We really can't say. So, it's quite possible that there are many older theories that are highly useful, and only SOME older theories are replaced by newer, more useful theories.

Similarly, the passage doesn't give us a way to compare theories that make up different parts of "common sense." Perhaps one area of common sense (for example, land navigation), has a set of extremely useful tools that have been around for a long time. Separately, another area (for example, healthy living), could be made up of newly evolved theories that haven't reached the same level of "usefulness" as land navigation.

The passage allows us to compare new theories with the old theories that they replaced -- for example, new healthy living theories are more useful than old healthy living theories. However, we really can't compare new healthy living theories to old land navigation theories. So, we can't say that across all parts of common sense, the newer theories are more useful than the old theories.

Eliminate (B).

I hope that helps!

Much thanks expert! Now I understand clearly where I was wrong.
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Essayist: Common sense, which is always progressing, is nothing but a collection of theories that have been tested over time and found useful.When alternative theories that prove even more useful are developed, they gradually take the place of theories already embodied in common sense. This causes common sense to progress, but, because it absorbs new theories slowly, it always contains some obsolete theories.

If all of the essayist’s statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?

This is simple argument but equally difficult option to choose from. How come some obsolete theories find ways to be there in the body of common sense, if more useful theories keep replacing older ones.

(A) At least some new theories that have not yet been found to be more useful than any theory currently part of common sense will never be absorbed into the body of common sense.

(B) Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.

(C) The frequency with which new theories are generated prevents their rapid absorption into the body of common sense.

(D) Each theory within the body of common sense is eventually replaced with a new theory that is more useful.

(E) At least some theories that have been tested over time and found useful are less useful than some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense.

A and E are somewhat similar in the sense that each of them deal with future probabilities. A loses for its absoluteness in the claim it makes - there is always a possibility that a new theory may become more useful in future. Since common sense is progressive, the already tested theories would become less useful because of new theories. Thus E is correct.

Answer E.
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