original sentence:
Ethics dumping is defined as the practice in which researchers, from a country, having strict regulations,
move to another country, having laxer laws, to carry out a risky research, and thus face less difficulty in getting permission from the government to carry out that research.
(B) move to another country, having laxer laws, carry out a risky research, facing less difficulty in getting -
here
having laxer laws is a non-essential modifier as it is in between two commas, modifying 'country', so to simplify the sentence we can remove the non-essential modifier which gives us: researchers move to another country carry out a risky research, facing less difficulty in getting... the word 'to' is missing before carry out..
(C) move to another country, having laxer laws and carrying out a risky research, and thus face less difficulty in getting- here
having laxer laws and carrying out a risky research is a non-essential modifier as it is in between two commas, modifying 'country'. This modifier does not makes sense. Further, to simplify the sentence we can remove the non-essential modifier which gives us: move to another country and thus face less difficulty in getting.. in this sentence the purpose to carry out risky research is not an essential information and the sentence is not making sense.
(D) having moved to another country, having laxer laws, to carry out a risky research, face less difficulty in getting - here the beginning word
'having' moved to another country is modifying 'researcher' in the non-underlined part preceding the sentence which is not the intent of the original sentence. the sentence will look like this: researcher having moved to another country
(E) move to another country, having laxer laws, to carry out a risky research, facing less difficulty and getting - the last part facing less difficulty and getting is split into two different situations that researcher faces but original sentence tells that researcher faced less difficulty in getting permission..that is only one situation.
(A) move to another country, having laxer laws, to carry out a risky research, and thus face less difficulty in getting - A is therefor the answer as it contains no such problem in modifier and makes sense as well.
Bunuel