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(A) Even though his army had never faced any defeat

The use of past perfect tense is incorrect. The fact that the king's army was not defeated was true at the moment he planned his next battle. Both the actions are parallel and not sequential.

(B) Even though his army never faced defeat

No issues, we can keep this one.

(C) Despite his army having never faced defeat

having never faced defeat modifies army. If we strip this off - Despite his army, the king ..
The sentence conveys an illogical meaning that despite the king's army, the king Theodore carefully planned his every next battle.


(D) Despite an army that had never been defeated

The construction of this sentence gives an impression that the king was an army. Illogical meaning.

(E) Despite his army never being defeated

Same as C.

Option B
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Even though his army had never faced any defeat, the king Theodore carefully planned his every next battle; this practice explains why he never faced any defeat in the first place.

(A) Even though his army had never faced any defeat
(B) Even though his army never faced defeat
(C) Despite his army having never faced defeat
(D) Despite an army that had never been defeated
(E) Despite his army never being defeated



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