OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
Experts studying patterns of shark attacks on humans have noted that attacks tend to diminish when the water temperature drops below 65 degrees Fahrenheit. Until recently, researchers believed this was because sharks prefer warmer water, and thus are present in fewer numbers in colder water. However, new research shows that sharks are present in equal numbers in cold and warm water.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the apparent paradox?(A) In general, humans prefer warm water.
(B) Sharks’ keen sense of smell is enhanced in cold water.
(C) In the Pacific, shark attacks tend to occur more frequently in the daytime.
(D) Of the more than 200 types of sharks present in the ocean, only three attack humans.
(E) The average temperature of the earth’s oceans is 55 degrees.
A We tend to try to explain shark attacks by thinking about the shark’s behavior. But choice A points out that it takes two to tango. A shark attack requires A) one shark and B) one human to be attacked. One reason there might be fewer shark attacks on humans in cold water is that there are fewer humans swimming in cold water in the first place. If you were looking at choice B and saying, “Hmm, if a sharks’ olfactory powers were enhanced by cold water, then presumably he’d be better at attacking,” or if you were thinking that if his olfactory powers were enhanced he would know enough not to attack a human, then either way, you were having to think way too hard for this to be inside the scope. Choice C is outside the scope, too, since it is dealing with only one ocean and does not address temperature at all. Choice D provides extraneous information, and choice E does not help to explain the apparent paradox. The best answer is A.