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01 Oct 2023, 02:10
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Ayushi0002
Explanation
2. Of the following hypothetical reforms in trial procedure, which one would the author be most likely to support as the best way to address the problem of jury inferential error?
Difficulty Level: 650
Paragraphs 3 and 4 address possible reforms. (D) fits well with Paragraph 4’s point that judges—with their “limited and primitive” understanding of the problem—aren’t always fulfilling their obligation to minimize jury error through explanation and clarification.
(A) is too extreme.
(B) Beyond the scope: Formal educational requirements is an issue often discussed in relation to juries, but isn’t discussed here.
(C) Defense testimony is mentioned earlier in Para 2, a sure sign that it’s not relevant to the reform discussion (Paragraphs 3 and 4). In any case, misleading defense testimony is only one of several causes of jury error mentioned, so you can infer that monitoring defense testimony wouldn’t provide a broadly effective remedy.
(E) should sound distinctly Opposite; the passage advocates wider understanding of psychological research.
Answer: E
Difficulty Level: 650
Paragraphs 3 and 4 address possible reforms. (D) fits well with Paragraph 4’s point that judges—with their “limited and primitive” understanding of the problem—aren’t always fulfilling their obligation to minimize jury error through explanation and clarification.
(A) is too extreme.
(B) Beyond the scope: Formal educational requirements is an issue often discussed in relation to juries, but isn’t discussed here.
(C) Defense testimony is mentioned earlier in Para 2, a sure sign that it’s not relevant to the reform discussion (Paragraphs 3 and 4). In any case, misleading defense testimony is only one of several causes of jury error mentioned, so you can infer that monitoring defense testimony wouldn’t provide a broadly effective remedy.
(E) should sound distinctly Opposite; the passage advocates wider understanding of psychological research.
Answer: E
27 Dec 2025, 00:31
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passage 1 = when having insufficient evidence, jurors use inference to draw truth. but it destroy truth rather than revealing truth.
passage 2 = most of the mistakes comes from drawing unwarranted conclusion from evidence. shares some examples of instances.
passage 3 = research in psychology says that we are likely to make errors in predictable situations. but we can guide them to avoid such mistakes.
passage 4 = this error making process is not unknown to courts but still use the same old and limited concepts of error
Question 1:
in the last line of first para we get idea of what author's view is. then he narrates the story to make his point. so its all about committing inference errors and that obscure the truth than to reveal the truth.
A it says the same thing as above mentioned line.
B no comparison of view of human cognition between psychologists and legal professions.
C its not about just one instance where jury make errors
D irrelevant comparison about cognitive processes.
E passage does say that research may provide court with guide to evaluate effect of evidence but doesnt say they will make more reliable decision.
Question 2:
i found stem very confusing and couldnt get it in first place so i got it wrong. but after pondering over it, felt it was pretty straightforward to ans.
basically it says in which of the following problems of jury, author would like to offer support to address that issue.
in the passage 3, author brough the research in cognitive psychology and how can it be used to help juries to evaluate the effect of evidence
author never says anything about minimum educational requirement for jurors and any strict guideline or restriction on use of psychological research.
only D states the point properly.
Question 3:
author uses the second para to tell about juries committing mistakes from drawing unwarranted conclusion from evidence and shares few examples of such instances.
A. he is not refuting that fact finding is complicated exercise.
B. he is not showing how to present any evidence carefully.
C. it just one of the examples but its not the main point of whole passage. if try to match words, you will fall for this one for sure.
D. in line with what i mentioned above
E. he is not recommending anything to minimize mistakes.
Question 4:
this talks about authors attitude and if we really zoom out he is basically critical about jurors lack of ability to draw inferences to reveal truth. And in the last passage he says that this is not unknown to courts. and adds that judges use old and limited concept despite having some psychological research avalaible ton them to avoid such problem.
only choice C states that perfectly.
Question 5:
passage 3 says that if use patterns of human decision making, it may provide court the guide to evaluate what would be the effect of evidence.
A. it rather strengthen it by saying we need to account all the variation in human decision making process.
B. if thats the case then its not gonna help in court. this weakens the research conclsuion.
C. how old is currently employed technique is not gonna affect anything.
D. comparison is unwarranted.
E. comparison about less and more susceptible to errors is not hitting the research suggestion
Question 6:
A. its not been directly said. but from passage 3 we can draw this one.
B. passage says that voluminous info can confuse juries but it doesnt say they were presented in order to confuse juries.
C. wrong comparison.
D nowhere its said that they helped to minimise jury error
E lawyers were not unrealistic about jurors ability to get truth. rather author shed light on this issue.
Question 7:
passage 2 can be real help here.
A. no its says the more evidence they have, they are likely to get confuse.
B. it doesnt say that they overestimates but says they give more weight than analysis allow
C. passage says that because of the evidence of past conviction may encourage them to presume.
D. no it never says that they were unaccustomed to make difficult decision.
E. Also, a jury may give more probative weight than objective analysis would allow to vivid photographic evidence depicting a shooting victim’s wounds, or may underestimate the weight of defense testimony that is not delivered in a sufficiently forceful or persuasive manner..
this is what option E tells.
passage 2 = most of the mistakes comes from drawing unwarranted conclusion from evidence. shares some examples of instances.
passage 3 = research in psychology says that we are likely to make errors in predictable situations. but we can guide them to avoid such mistakes.
passage 4 = this error making process is not unknown to courts but still use the same old and limited concepts of error
Question 1:
in the last line of first para we get idea of what author's view is. then he narrates the story to make his point. so its all about committing inference errors and that obscure the truth than to reveal the truth.
A it says the same thing as above mentioned line.
B no comparison of view of human cognition between psychologists and legal professions.
C its not about just one instance where jury make errors
D irrelevant comparison about cognitive processes.
E passage does say that research may provide court with guide to evaluate effect of evidence but doesnt say they will make more reliable decision.
Question 2:
i found stem very confusing and couldnt get it in first place so i got it wrong. but after pondering over it, felt it was pretty straightforward to ans.
basically it says in which of the following problems of jury, author would like to offer support to address that issue.
in the passage 3, author brough the research in cognitive psychology and how can it be used to help juries to evaluate the effect of evidence
author never says anything about minimum educational requirement for jurors and any strict guideline or restriction on use of psychological research.
only D states the point properly.
Question 3:
author uses the second para to tell about juries committing mistakes from drawing unwarranted conclusion from evidence and shares few examples of such instances.
A. he is not refuting that fact finding is complicated exercise.
B. he is not showing how to present any evidence carefully.
C. it just one of the examples but its not the main point of whole passage. if try to match words, you will fall for this one for sure.
D. in line with what i mentioned above
E. he is not recommending anything to minimize mistakes.
Question 4:
this talks about authors attitude and if we really zoom out he is basically critical about jurors lack of ability to draw inferences to reveal truth. And in the last passage he says that this is not unknown to courts. and adds that judges use old and limited concept despite having some psychological research avalaible ton them to avoid such problem.
only choice C states that perfectly.
Question 5:
passage 3 says that if use patterns of human decision making, it may provide court the guide to evaluate what would be the effect of evidence.
A. it rather strengthen it by saying we need to account all the variation in human decision making process.
B. if thats the case then its not gonna help in court. this weakens the research conclsuion.
C. how old is currently employed technique is not gonna affect anything.
D. comparison is unwarranted.
E. comparison about less and more susceptible to errors is not hitting the research suggestion
Question 6:
A. its not been directly said. but from passage 3 we can draw this one.
B. passage says that voluminous info can confuse juries but it doesnt say they were presented in order to confuse juries.
C. wrong comparison.
D nowhere its said that they helped to minimise jury error
E lawyers were not unrealistic about jurors ability to get truth. rather author shed light on this issue.
Question 7:
passage 2 can be real help here.
A. no its says the more evidence they have, they are likely to get confuse.
B. it doesnt say that they overestimates but says they give more weight than analysis allow
C. passage says that because of the evidence of past conviction may encourage them to presume.
D. no it never says that they were unaccustomed to make difficult decision.
E. Also, a jury may give more probative weight than objective analysis would allow to vivid photographic evidence depicting a shooting victim’s wounds, or may underestimate the weight of defense testimony that is not delivered in a sufficiently forceful or persuasive manner..
this is what option E tells.
04 Jan 2026, 07:06
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please explain Q3 why the correct option is D and not C
