7. The greatest common divisor of two positive integers is 25. If the sum of the integers is 350, then how many such pairs are possible?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

We are told that the greatest common factor of two integers is 25. So, these integers are \(25x\) and \(25y\), for some positive integers \(x\) and \(y\). Notice that \(x\) and \(y\) must not share any common factor but 1, because if they do, then GCF of \(25x\) and \(25y\) will be more that 25.

Next, we know that \(25x+25y=350\) --> \(x+y=14\) --> since \(x\) and \(y\) don't share any common factor but 1 then (x, y) can be only (1, 13), (3, 11) or (5, 9) (all other pairs (2, 12), (4, 10), (6, 8) and (7, 7) do share common factor greater than 1).

So, there are only three pairs of such numbers possible:
25*1=25 and 25*13=325;
25*3=75 and 25*11=275;
25*5=125 and 25*9=225.

Answer: C.
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2. Set S contains 7 different letters. How many subsets of set S, including an empty set, contain at most 3 letters?

At most 3 letters = 0 letters or 1 letter or 2 letters or 3 letters
0=1
1=7C1=7
2=7C2=21
3=7C3=35
\(1+7+21+35=64\)

IMO E. 64
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5. Which of the following is a factor of 18!+1?

A. 15
B. 17
C. 19
D. 33
E. 39

18! and 18!+1 are consecutive integers, thus co-prime. All options apart from C are present in 18!. Thus 19 is the only factor present in 18!+1.

C.
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4. The functions f and g are defined for all the positive integers n by the following rule: f(n) is the number of perfect squares less than n and g(n) is the number of primes numbers less than n. If f(x) + g(x) = 16, then x is in the range:

perfect squares = 1 4 9 16 25 36
prime numbers = 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 19 31 37

The first number that makes f(x) + g(x) = 16 is 32 and the last is 36

IMO C. 31 < x < 37
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6. If the least common multiple of a positive integer x, 4^3 and 6^5 is 6^6. Then x can take how many values?

\(2^6, 2^5*3^5,2^6*3^6\) and \(x\)
\(x\) MUST have a \(3^6\) and can have any \(2^n\) with \(0\leq{n}\leq{6}\). So x can have \(7\) values

IMO C. 7
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7. The greatest common divisor of two positive integers is 25. If the sum of the integers is 350, then how many such pairs are possible?

\(GMD = 5^2\) the numbers are \(5^2k\) and \(5^2q\) where q and k do not share any factor
\(25k+25q=350\) \(25(k+q)=350\) \(k+q=14\)
The possible numbers that summed give us 14 are: 1+13, 2+12,... those however must have no factor in common
and those pairs are:1+13,3+11,5+9

IMO C.3
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10. If x is not equal to 0 and x^y=1, then which of the following must be true?

I. x=1
II. x=1 and y=0
III. x=1 or y=0

A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and III only
E. None

From the given inequality, for any y and x=1, we would have x^y = 1. Also, for any x(and not equal to 0) and y = 0, we would again have the same inequality.
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5. Which of the following is a factor of 18!+1?

\(18!\) and \(18!+1\) are consecutives so they do not share any factor (except 1).
A,B,D and E are factors of \(18!\) (ie:\(33=3*11\) both contained in \(18!\))

IMO C.19
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9. What is the 101st digit after the decimal point in the decimal representation of 1/3 + 1/9 + 1/27 + 1/37?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 5
D. 7
E. 8

1/37 = 27/999= 0.027(recurring)
1/27 = 37/999 = 0.037(recurring)
1/9 = 0.111(recurring)
1/3 = 0.333(recurring)

The total = 0.508(recurring) Thus the next 2 digits after the 99th digit = 5 then 0.

A.
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Q3:

With 6 different elements in a set, total number of subsets = 2^6 = 64
With 5 different elements in a set, total number of subsets = 2^5 = 32
Hence from set of 6, if we do not include 0 in any set, that would be equivalent to considering just 5 elements out of 6 sets and how many subsets can be obtained from 5 elements. that should be 2^5 = 32 sub sets.
And D