My question is
generic and is based on the explanation given by you about the functions of a verb-ing phrase in the attached paint file (in the error analysis section). The text in the file is highlighted for your reference and is also pasted right below:
'The comma + verb-ing modifier presents either the HOW aspect of the preceding action or the RESULT of the preceding action. In this sentence, comma + outnumbering does none of the above as both the functions would render the meaning of the sentence illogical.'
In addition to the above explanation, as per the explanation given in 'types of modifier' concept file, if a modifier answers a question about how, when, where and why about the preceding action, it in fact is a verb modifier.
As per the summary in the types of modifier concept file, a verb-ing phrase can modify a noun and a clause but not a verb?
Can a verb-ing phrase also modify a verb? or as per your explanation if "it answers the HOW aspect of the preceeding action" then what is it modifying a verb or a clause??
Please find attached file for your reference.
Attachments

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