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31 Jan 2020, 02:26
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E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
65% (02:11) correct
35%
(02:19)
wrong
based on 598
sessions
History
Date
Time
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Not Attempted Yet
George: A well-known educator claims that children who are read to when they are very young are more likely to enjoy reading when they grow up than are children who were not read to. But this claim is clearly false. My cousin Emory was regularly read to as a child and as an adult he seldom reads for pleasure, whereas no one read to me and reading is now my favorite form of relaxation.
Ursula: You and Emory prove nothing in this case. Your experience is enough to refute the claim that all avid adult readers were read to as children, but what the educator said about reading to children is not that sort of claim.
Which one of the following describes a flaw in Georges reasoning?
(A) He treats his own experience and the experiences of other members of his own family as though they have more weight as evidence than do the experiences of other people.
(B) He does not distinguish between the quality and the quantity of the books that adults read to Emory when Emory was a child.
(C) He overlooks the well-known fact that not all reading is equally relaxing.
(D) He fails to establish that the claim made by this particular educator accurately reflects the position held by the majority of educators.
(E) He attempts to refute a general claim by reference to nonconforming cases, although the claim is consistent with the occurrence of such cases.
Ursula: You and Emory prove nothing in this case. Your experience is enough to refute the claim that all avid adult readers were read to as children, but what the educator said about reading to children is not that sort of claim.
Which one of the following describes a flaw in Georges reasoning?
(A) He treats his own experience and the experiences of other members of his own family as though they have more weight as evidence than do the experiences of other people.
(B) He does not distinguish between the quality and the quantity of the books that adults read to Emory when Emory was a child.
(C) He overlooks the well-known fact that not all reading is equally relaxing.
(D) He fails to establish that the claim made by this particular educator accurately reflects the position held by the majority of educators.
(E) He attempts to refute a general claim by reference to nonconforming cases, although the claim is consistent with the occurrence of such cases.
31 Jan 2020, 04:19
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The educator is just making a statistical claim: people read to as children are more likely to enjoy reading than those not read to. A single counterexample does nothing to disprove that claim, since the claim is only a probabilistic one. Answer E describes that logical error. What George says would only successfully refute a universal claim, that all people read to as children enjoy reading as adults, but that's not what the educator says.
31 Jan 2020, 14:27
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Bunuel
Correct answer: (E).
(A): Incorrect. George does not necessarily treat the experiences of his own family as though they have more weight than other people's experiences; George simply attempts to refute a general propensity (toward reading or not reading) with individual anecdotal cases.
(B): Incorrect. Neither George nor the educator consider the quality of the books.
(C): Incorrect. Neither George nor the educator consider how relaxing reading is, just whether the fact that George reads (despite not having been read to) negates the educator's conclusion.
(D): Incorrect. George simply attempts to refute the educator's claim; what other educators believe is immaterial.
(E): Correct. George attempts to refute the general rule (that children read to are more likely to enjoy reading) with nonconforming cases (George and his cousin Emory). The claim is consistent with the occurrence of such cases as it only considers the children's likelihood of enjoying reading.
