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17 Aug 2021, 08:00
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E
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Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
65% (02:28) correct
35%
(02:35)
wrong
based on 1001
sessions
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There are medical imaging software that can analyze MRI and CAT scan results to identify abnormal internal structures. However, these software work by comparing the degree of similarity between the image of the patient and an expected image rather than exact identity. After all, there is no exact internal structure. Software systems such as these can be modified to minimize false negatives, that is negative results in patients with an internal disease, but doing so may increase the likelihood of false positives, that is positive results in patients with no internal disease.
Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?
A. If these software were made to work by exact identification, they would not produce any incorrect results.
B. Doctors choosing a method to analyze MRI and CAT scans for abnormal structures should base the choice solely on the ratio of false positives to false negatives.
C. These software are only appropriate in situations in which a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure is less dangerous than failing to identify an abnormal structure is.
D. Manual analysis of MRI and CAT scans is less likely than software-based analysis to produce a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure.
E. If these software reliably prevent negative results in patients with an internal disease, they may sometimes produce false positive results.
Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?
A. If these software were made to work by exact identification, they would not produce any incorrect results.
B. Doctors choosing a method to analyze MRI and CAT scans for abnormal structures should base the choice solely on the ratio of false positives to false negatives.
C. These software are only appropriate in situations in which a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure is less dangerous than failing to identify an abnormal structure is.
D. Manual analysis of MRI and CAT scans is less likely than software-based analysis to produce a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure.
E. If these software reliably prevent negative results in patients with an internal disease, they may sometimes produce false positive results.
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18 Aug 2021, 10:00
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Bunuel
Explanation:
Mind-map: Medical imaging software analyze abnormal internal structures -> software compares degree of similarity between patients’ image and an expected image -> software does not perform exact identification of disease -> efforts to minimize false negatives may lead to increase in false positives
Missing-link: Not needed
Expectation from the correct answer choice: To be duly deducible from the information in the passage, without any assumption or extrapolation
A. It these software work by exact identification between the image of the patient and an expected image, it is likely that they rarely find an exact match, thus leading to a higher number of false positives or more incorrect results, contrary to what the answer choice mentions. Besides, the idea of no incorrect results is extremely strong; one needs to be cautious of such answer choices as they are generally incorrect on the GMAT. Because this answer choice does not indicate a conclusion of the argument, this answer choice is incorrect.
B. The argument mentions the software’s trade-off between false negatives and false positives but passes no judgment on how the ratio of the false positives and false negatives relates to the accuracy of the machines; so, this answer choice, suggesting that the ratio be a factor in the selection of machines, is out of scope. Additionally, “should be” indicates a suggesting/recommending/patronizing tone; one needs to be cautious of such answer choices as they are generally incorrect on the GMAT. Because this answer choice does not indicate a conclusion of the argument, this answer choice is incorrect.
C. Trap. The argument mentions the software’s trade-off between false negatives and false positives but passes no judgment on which kind of false signals is more dangerous; so, this answer choice, suggesting the appropriateness of the software in certain situations associated with false signals, is just a possibility, which, although relevant to the broad context of the argument, is not a conclusion of the argument. Because this answer choice does not indicate a conclusion of the argument, this answer choice is incorrect.
D. The argument makes no suggestion regarding or comparison with manual analysis; so, this answer choice, comparing manual analysis and software-based analysis, is just a possibility, which, although relevant to the broad context of the argument, is not a conclusion of the argument. Because this answer choice does not indicate a conclusion of the argument, this answer choice is incorrect.
E. Correct. The argument mentions that efforts to minimize false negatives may lead to an increase in false positives; in other words, if the software reliably prevents negative results in patients with an internal disease, the software may sometimes produce false positives, as the answer choice mentions. Because this answer choice indicates a conclusion of the argument, this answer choice is correct.
E is the best choice.
General Discussion
17 Aug 2021, 09:33
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There are medical imaging software that can analyze MRI and CAT scan results to identify abnormal internal structures. However, these software work by comparing the degree of similarity between the image of the patient and an expected image rather than exact identity. After all, there is no exact internal structure. Software systems such as these can be modified to minimize false negatives, that is negative results in patients with an internal disease, but doing so may increase the likelihood of false positives, that is positive results in patients with no internal disease.
Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?
If false positive is not dangerous
A. If these software were made to work by exact identification, they would not produce any incorrect results.
but we are concern about usage of software with false +ves and false -ves
B. Doctors choosing a method to analyze MRI and CAT scans for abnormal structures should base the choice solely on the ratio of false positives to false negatives.
it didnt mention ration should be high or low?
C. These software are only appropriate in situations in which a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure is less dangerous than failing to identify an abnormal structure is.
false +ve is not dangerous, so this software can be used in such situations.
but we need to find a concliusion , not strengthen the conclusion.
2nd ly: we dont know what other situations it maybe useful
D. Manual analysis of MRI and CAT scans is less likely than software-based analysis to produce a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure.
we dont care about manual analysis now.
E. If these software reliably prevent negative results in patients with an internal disease, they may sometimes produce false positive results.
If negative results can sometimes be reduces, it may lead to incrase of false psitives
Thats what argument is about.
matches the argument
Hence E is the correct answer.
Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?
If false positive is not dangerous
A. If these software were made to work by exact identification, they would not produce any incorrect results.
but we are concern about usage of software with false +ves and false -ves
B. Doctors choosing a method to analyze MRI and CAT scans for abnormal structures should base the choice solely on the ratio of false positives to false negatives.
it didnt mention ration should be high or low?
C. These software are only appropriate in situations in which a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure is less dangerous than failing to identify an abnormal structure is.
false +ve is not dangerous, so this software can be used in such situations.
but we need to find a concliusion , not strengthen the conclusion.
2nd ly: we dont know what other situations it maybe useful
D. Manual analysis of MRI and CAT scans is less likely than software-based analysis to produce a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure.
we dont care about manual analysis now.
E. If these software reliably prevent negative results in patients with an internal disease, they may sometimes produce false positive results.
If negative results can sometimes be reduces, it may lead to incrase of false psitives
Thats what argument is about.
matches the argument
Hence E is the correct answer.
