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Bunuel
Golden Retrievers, Labradors, and German Shepherds are popular as guide dogs in that they have been bred to cooperate with humans.


(A) dogs in that they have been bred to cooperate with humans

(B) dogs, because of their being bred for humans' cooperation

(C) dogs, for they have been bred to cooperate with humans

(D) dogs, being bred to cooperate with humans

(E) dogs, by their breeding as cooperating with humans



Official Explanation



Golden Retrievers, Labradors, and German Shepherds are popular as guide dogs in that they have been bred to cooperate with humans.


(A) dogs in that they have been bred to cooperate with humans

Incorrect.

This answer choice is stylistically flawed. The phrase in that is awkward and confusing, as it does not clearly express the relationship between the sentence's two clauses. Search for an answer choice that makes logical and concise use of a conjunction to connect the two clauses.



(B) dogs, because of their being bred for humans' cooperation

Incorrect.

While this answer choice corrects the original stylistic flaw by using because of, it creates a new stylistic flaw and changes the meaning of the original sentence.

First, the phrase because of their being bred is awkward and wordy.

In addition humans' cooperation does not mean the same as cooperating with humans. In the original sentence dogs cooperate with humans whereas in the corrected sentence humans cooperate with dogs.



(C) dogs, for they have been bred to cooperate with humans

This answer choice corrects the stylistic flaw in the original question, by changing in that to for, which logically connect the sentence's two clauses in a relationship of cause and effect.

    [Golden Retrievers, Labradors, and German Shepherds are popular as guide dogs,]

    for / because / since / as

    [they have been bred to cooperate with humans]

Note that the preposition for can also be used as a reason conjunction.

Example:

    John does not travel by air because he fears flying.

    John does not travel by air for he fears flying.



(D) dogs, being bred to cooperate with humans

Incorrect.

This answer choice is stylistically flawed. The phrase being bred to awkward and confusing, as it does not clearly express the relationship between the sentence's two clauses. Search for an answer choice that makes logical and concise use of a conjunction to connect the two clauses.



(E) dogs, by their breeding as cooperating with humans

Incorrect.

This answer choice is stylistically flawed. The phrase by their breeding as is awkward and confusing, as it does not clearly express the relationship between the sentence's two clauses. Search for an answer choice that makes logical and concise use of a conjunction to connect the two clauses.
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