This is a classic counting problem where you need to juggle multiple constraints simultaneously. Let me walk you through how to approach this systematically.
Understanding What We Need:We're looking for 3-digit numbers (let's call them ABC where A is hundreds, B is tens, C is units) that satisfy ALL of these:
- Greater than 700, so A must be 7, 8, or 9
- Even numbers, so C must be 2, 4, 6, or 8
- All digits distinct (no repeats)
- All digits non-zero (only use 1-9)
The Key Insight:Notice how A only has 3 possible values? That's your most restrictive constraint, so let's organize our counting around it. Here's what you need to see: when A is even (specifically 8), it affects how many choices we have for C!
Let's Count Case by Case:Case 1: When A = 7- C must be even and different from 7, so C can be: 2, 4, 6, or 8 → that's 4 choices
- B must be different from both 7 and whatever C is → from 9 digits, exclude 2 (A and C) → 7 choices
- Total: \(1 \times 7 \times 4 = 28\)
Case 2: When A = 8- Here's the critical part: C must be even AND different from 8
- So C can only be: 2, 4, or 6 → that's just 3 choices (not 4!)
- B must be different from 8 and C → still 7 choices
- Total: \(1 \times 7 \times 3 = 21\)
Case 3: When A = 9- C must be even and different from 9 → C can be: 2, 4, 6, or 8 → 4 choices
- B different from 9 and C → 7 choices
- Total: \(1 \times 7 \times 4 = 28\)
Final Count: \(28 + 21 + 28 = 77\)
Answer: EThe complete solution on Neuron reveals the systematic framework for identifying constraint hierarchies in any counting problem, plus time-saving techniques for recognizing similar patterns across different question types. You can check out the
step-by-step solution on Neuron by e-GMAT to master the constraint-based counting approach systematically. You can also explore other GMAT official questions with detailed solutions on Neuron for structured practice
here.
Hope this helps!