A) In 1910, radium, a luminescent radioactive element, was isolated as a pure metal by Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne, which led
"which" seems to refer to people whereas "who" is generally used to refer to people. Also, it is not Marie Curie who led to radium's' industrial productions it is the achievement that led to its productions
B) In 1910, radium, a luminescent radioactive element, was isolated as a pure metal by Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne, an advance that led
CorrectC) Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne isolated radium, a luminescent radioactive element, as a pure metal in 1910, which led
"which" seems to illogically refer to "pure metal". Also, "M.C and A.L.D isolated radium as a pure metal" seems to subtly say that M.C and A.L.D were pure metal. In chemistry "a reaction is isolated as"
D) Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne isolated radium as a pure metal in 1910, a luminescent radioactive element, leading
last participial phrase seems to say that M.C and A.L.D led to its industrial production. Though technically it is correct, it is the very achievement or advancement that made this possible. Also, same "isolate as" problem as in C
E) Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne who isolated radium, a luminescent radioactive element, as a pure metal in 1910, leading
There is no finite verb here and that makes it an incomplete sentence