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In 2000, Joseph found that sodium salt emitted penetrating radiations similar to those which Iron produced only a year earlier with a new technology.

Bold portion is already time indicator so need of past perfect here. According to my explanation C should not be an answer.

C is most attractive choice if above mentioned rule is circumvented.
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hi ENEM,

request you to share official explanation of this question. Also will you please share the source of the question?[/quote]

Hi,

The official explanation says- to refer to the past incident of the experiment on iron one has to use past participle form, therefore, the answer is Choice C. (Source- Explanation from Barrons. however, I have made this question myself from a similar question in Barrons).
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In between C and E, I choose C because I think "had" draws the proper timeline;however, I didn't get any solid reason to cancel option E.
Any opinion on that?

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In 2000, Joseph found that sodium salt emitted penetrating radiations similar to those which Iron produced only a year earlier with a new technology.

a. similar to those which Iron
- ''which'' clauses must be separated from the targeted subjects that it tries to modify by a comma. In (A), we do not have this comma.
b. like those which iron - ''which'' clauses must be separated from the targeted subjects that it tries to modify by a comma. In (B), we do not have this comma. Moreover, we cannot use ''like'' to compare full clauses.
c. similar to those that iron had - has no error. hence, (C) is the right answer choice.
d. similar to them that iron - the pronoun ''them'' does not have a logical antecedent (''them'' is used as a pronoun only for ''people'' or ''living things'' in general)
e. similar to those iron - implies that ''iron is produced with a new technology''. This does not make any sense.
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