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Here's how each option stands:

A. The airline industry was a victim of the recession in 2008. [It's difficult to establish how the recession would have impacted the revenue negatively]

B. Total passenger miles were up in 2008. [The revenue should have increased in such a case]

C. Fuel costs remained constant from 2007 to 2008. [Doesn't negatively or positively impact as this is a static variable]

D. Passengers traveled shorter distances on less expensive flights in 2008. [Here is a comparative data that actually gives a valid reason for why the revenues could have dropped even though the numbers remained static]

E. No new aircraft were purchased by any carrier in 2008. [Again, this point negates a possibility but doesn't give insight into why there could be a drop in revenue]
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Bunuel
­In 2008, the world’s airlines reported an increase in the total number of passengers carried, but a decrease in total revenues, even though prices for airline tickets on all routes remained unchanged from the year before.

Which of the following resolves the paradox described above?

A. The airline industry was a victim of the recession in 2008.

B. Total passenger miles were up in 2008.

C. Fuel costs remained constant from 2007 to 2008.

D. Passengers traveled shorter distances on less expensive flights in 2008.

E. No new aircraft were purchased by any carrier in 2008.


­
­


Princeton Review Official Explanation:

Here’s How to Crack It:

The question asks for the answer that resolves the paradox, so this is a resolve/explain question. Your knowledge of question types suggests that the accompanying passage will present two pieces of information, which seem to be in conflict. State that opposition as clearly as possible.

    On the one hand, more passengers traveled by air.

    On the other, airline revenues decreased, even though ticket prices remained unchanged.

The correct answer to a resolve/explain question will allow both pieces of information to be true simultaneously. Eliminate answers that are out of scope, address only one side of the conflict, or make the conflict worse.

    A. The airline industry was a victim of the recession in 2008.

A recession might account for the decrease in revenue, but if ticket prices remained the same, it’s unclear how the number of passengers could have increased. Choice (A) addresses only one side of the conflict, so eliminate it.

    B. Total passenger miles were up in 2008.

If passengers flew farther in 2008 and ticket prices remained the same, it’s unclear how revenues could have decreased. Like (A), this answer addresses only one side of the conflict. Eliminate (B).

    C. Fuel costs remained constant from 2007 to 2008.

Fuel costs are out of scope. An increase in fuel costs might have affected airline profits, but profits are not revenues. This answer has no bearing on either side of the conflict. Eliminate (C).

    D. Passengers traveled shorter distances on less expensive flights in 2008.

This answer looks promising. If the increase in passengers was offset by passengers taking cheaper flights, then revenues could have decreased even as the number of passengers increased. Keep (D).

    E. No new aircraft were purchased by any carrier in 2008.

New aircraft are out of scope. The purchase of new aircraft might have affected airline profits, but if no new aircraft were purchased, then new aircraft affected neither profits nor revenues, and this answer has no relevance at all. Eliminate (E).

The correct answer is (D).­
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