In order to learn to speak a foreign language, a person must practice effectively. The only effective way to practice is by uttering original sentences in that language, rather than reciting memorized ones. A person can utter such sentences only by first making mistakes in that language that would appear foolish to fluent speakers of the language.

Which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from the statements above?


A. People who have learned to speak a foreign language will have appeared foolish to fluent speakers of that language.

B.People who only recite memorized sentences in a foreign language will never learn to speak that language.

C.People who have not learned to speak a foreign language have not appeared foolish to fluent speakers of that language.

D.People who do not make mistakes when uttering original sentences in a foreign language do not appear foolish to fluent speakers of that language.

E.When combined with other exercises, reciting memorized sentences in a foreign language can be an effective means of practicing to speak that language.
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The question contains two necessary condition markers in the sentence (eg: must,only) so we can use the "Sufficient /Necessary conditions" way to answer this question.

Sentence1: In order to learn to speak a foreign language, a person must practice effectively.
Must is a necessary condition marker and it modifies "practice effectively" so we can build a logical chain as:

LSF (learn to speak foreign language) -> PE (Practice effectively). (LSF is sufficient condition here)

Sentence2: The only effective way to practice is by uttering original sentences in that language, rather than reciting memorized ones.
Only is a necessary condition marker and it modifies "uttering original sentences and Not reciting memorized ones".
The logical chain is:

PE -> UOS (utter original sentences, if we dont (ie ~UOS ) means we recite memorizes ones).

Sentence3: A person can utter such sentences only by first making mistakes in that language that would appear foolish to fluent speakers of the language.
Only is again a necessary condition marker here and it modifies "Makes mistakes that appear foolish". The logical chain is :

UOS -> MMAF (make mistakes appear foolish).

From the three sentences the complete logical chain is:
LSF->PE->UOS->MMAF
The contrapositive of this is: ~MMAF->~UOS->~PE->~LSF.

We need to look for the above two in the answer choices.

A. People who have learned to speak a foreign language will have appeared foolish to fluent speakers of that language.
LSF->AF . This is wrong , we need to also make mistake to appear foolish. ie MMAF.

B.People who only recite memorized sentences in a foreign language will never learn to speak that language.
~UOS -> ~LFS. This is a contrapositive and is correct. (~UOS means that we are reciting memorized sentences and not uttering Original sentences)

C.People who have not learned to speak a foreign language have not appeared foolish to fluent speakers of that language.
~LF->~AF. This is wrong , it is wrong negation of the logic chain above.

D.People who do not make mistakes when uttering original sentences in a foreign language do not appear foolish to fluent speakers of that language.
MM->AF , this is what is given in the argument. and this choice talks about ~MM->~AF which is again wrong negation.

E.When combined with other exercises, reciting memorized sentences in a foreign language can be an effective means of practicing to speak that language.
Nothing mentioned about this in the argument.

I request the members to elucidate more on the "B".

Basically, i would like to discuss about wht mrblack wrote abt B.
I disagree with B). "The only EFFECTIVE way to practice is by uttering original sentences in that language, rather than reciting memorized ones." Note the word EFFECTIVE. It implies that reciting memorized sentences is still possible, while not EFFECTIVE, to learn the language. Choice B) is wrong because it says that people who ONLY recite memorized sentences NEVER learn to speak the language.
I don't want to sound "thinking too much" here but this is how i would look at it.
The only effective way to practice <=> The only way that is (also)effective ,to practice.
In other words its the only way and its effective.Now if its the only way then B fits correctly here.
B.People who [color=#2e3192]only recite memorized sentences in a foreign language will never learn to speak that language.[/color]

BTW I selected D but then it doesn't pass the fact test as argument just mentions that "A person can utter such sentences only by first making mistakes in that language that would appear foolish to fluent speakers of the language.". Arg doesn't mentions abt the scenario mentioned in
D:"People who do not make mistakes when uttering original sentences in a foreign language do not appear foolish to fluent speakers of that language."

To learn to speak= must practice effectively
Not practicing effectively= you won't learn to speak-(1)
only effective way to practice is by uttering original sentences in that language, rather than reciting memorized ones
If you recite memorized ones= you are not following the "only effective way"to practice-(2)
from (1) and (2)
If you only recite memorized one= you won't learn to speak
B:)