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15 Jul 2025, 21:51
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Initially, scientists suspected a high dietary calcium intake of increasing the risk of kidney stones. A high intake of calcium, however, reduces the urinary excretion of oxalate, which is thought to lower the risk. Therefore, the concept that a higher dietary calcium intake increases the risk of kidney stones, and the mechanism underlying their formation, required examination. Stanford researchers studied the relationship between dietary calcium intake and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones in a cohort of 35,119 men 40 to 75 years old who had no history of kidney stones. Dietary calcium was measured by means of a semi-quantitative foodfrequency questionnaire in 1998. During four years of follow-up, 535 cases of kidney stones were documented by LifeWork analysts. After adjustment for age, dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with the risk of stones; in fact, a high calcium intake decreased the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. Surprisingly, intake of animal protein was directly associated with the risk of stone formation.
1. The passage provides information on each of the following EXCEPT
A. the mechanism underlying the formation of kidney stones
B. the connection of animal protein to the risk of forming kidney stones
C. how dietary calctum was measured in the kidney stone study
D. the age range of the male kidney stone study participants
E. the number of documented cases of kidney stones during a specific time span
A. the mechanism underlying the formation of kidney stones
B. the connection of animal protein to the risk of forming kidney stones
C. how dietary calctum was measured in the kidney stone study
D. the age range of the male kidney stone study participants
E. the number of documented cases of kidney stones during a specific time span
2. In this study, according to the author, dietary calcium intake
I. was measured by means of a ser quantitative medical examination
II. was discovered to decrease the chance of symptomatic kidney stone formation, after adjustment for age
III. tight decrease excretion of oxalate through the urinary tract
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II, and III
3. The passage suggests that in conducting this medical study, researchers
A. drew few conclusions beforehand on the indeterminate outcome of their scientific research
B. discovered associations they had not been looking for
C. had little interest in calctum's affect on other organs apart from the kidneys
D. neglected researching how the intake of calctum can reduce urinary excretion of oxalate
E. overrated the affects of animal protein on the risk of stone formation.
A. drew few conclusions beforehand on the indeterminate outcome of their scientific research
B. discovered associations they had not been looking for
C. had little interest in calctum's affect on other organs apart from the kidneys
D. neglected researching how the intake of calctum can reduce urinary excretion of oxalate
E. overrated the affects of animal protein on the risk of stone formation.
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18 Jul 2025, 01:07
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Hello, team!
Hope you are doing well. I am writing to you to understand that in Q2:
In this study, according to the author, dietary calcium intake
I. was measured by means of a ser quantitative medical examination
II. was discovered to decrease the chance of symptomatic kidney stone formation, after adjustment for age
III. tight decrease excretion of oxalate through the urinary tract
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II, and III
How D is the answer? Shouldn't it be B? My logic to reject III is that yes, I agree, that statement is mentioned at the beginning of the passage but it is not a part of the study. And the question specifically asks about the study. Can you pease support here if I am missing out on something?
Thanking you in advance.
Best,
Komal Singh
Hope you are doing well. I am writing to you to understand that in Q2:
In this study, according to the author, dietary calcium intake
I. was measured by means of a ser quantitative medical examination
II. was discovered to decrease the chance of symptomatic kidney stone formation, after adjustment for age
III. tight decrease excretion of oxalate through the urinary tract
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II, and III
How D is the answer? Shouldn't it be B? My logic to reject III is that yes, I agree, that statement is mentioned at the beginning of the passage but it is not a part of the study. And the question specifically asks about the study. Can you pease support here if I am missing out on something?
Thanking you in advance.
Best,
Komal Singh
18 Jul 2025, 21:26
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Komal324
I'll start by saying that I'm quite suspect of the source material here. From the typos in the answer choices: what is "ser" quantitative in choice A and what is "tight decrease" in choice C. I assume "ser" is meant to be semi- and tight is meant to be might, but still. Also, I've never seen a CR question in my life that had a roman numeral input. This question set also just popped up HERE on GMAT Club under the GRE forum. There the question was listed as "choose all" which maybe indicates that it was written for GRE, but it's definitely not official GRE (and still isn't a great problem set). But even so, I just think the quality of the passage and the 3 questions is poor. Again, save your time and focus on official sources for verbal in particular!!
But for this question specifically, I think the question stem is too ambiguous. It says "in THIS study" but real writers would have said "in the Stanford study" or something to clearly point to the specific study (even if it was the only study talked about). And for both statements II and III (or B and C for the GRE folks) to both be true, we need to expand past the study in the passage (since the connection from intake of calcium to reducing urinary excretion isn't brought up in the study (as you noted). Also, the passage says it DOES, so the correct answer wouldn't say MIGHT. It would jus say "decreases excretion..."
Hope this validates for you!
Whit
Archived Topic
Hi there,
This topic has been closed and archived due to inactivity or violation of community quality standards. No more replies are possible here.
Where to now? Join ongoing discussions on thousands of quality questions in our Reading Comprehension (RC) Forum
Still interested in this question? Check out the "Best Topics" block above for a better discussion on this exact question, as well as several more related questions.
Thank you for understanding, and happy exploring!
