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Bunuel
Joshua Smith’s new novel was criticized by the book editor for The Daily Standard as implausible. That criticism, like so many other criticisms from the same source in the past, is completely unwarranted, as anyone who has actually read the novel would agree. Each one of the incidents in which Smith’s hero gets involved is the kind of incident that could very well have happened to someone or other.

Which one of the following is the most serious error of reasoning in the argument?


(A) It relies on the assumption that a criticism can legitimately by dismissed as unwarranted if it is offended by someone who had previously displayed questionable judgment.

(B) It ignores the fact that people can agree about something even though what they agree about is not the case.

(C) It calls into question the intellectual integrity of the critic in order to avoid having to address the grounds on which the criticism is based.

(D) It takes for granted that a whole story will have a given characteristics if each of its parts has that characteristics.

(E) It attempts to justify its conclusion by citing reasons that most people would find plausible only if they were already convinced that the conclusion was true.
­
Context:
The editor called the new novel implausible.

Premises:
Each one of the incidents in which the hero gets involved is the kind of incident that could very well have happened to someone or other.

Conclusion:
The editor’s criticism is unwarranted.

What is the flaw in the logic of the author? He says that since each incident could have happened, the plot is not implausible i.e. the entire story could have taken place. A bit of pre-thinking will help us see that just because each incident could have happened, doesn’t mean the whole story could have taken place. Perhaps all the incidents could not have happened together, in the given sequence and/or to the same person.
Let’s look at the options now.

(A) It relies on the assumption that a criticism can legitimately be dismissed as unwarranted if it is offered by someone who had previously displayed questionable judgment.

The author does not rely on the premise that since the editor displayed questionable judgment earlier, this judgment is questionable too. He only mentions that the editor has displayed questionable judgment earlier too. His conclusion depends on the premise that each incident could have happened to someone.

(B) It ignores the fact that people can agree about something even though what they agree about is not the case.

It doesn’t talk about people agreeing. The argument is only about whether the story is plausible.

(C) It calls into question the intellectual integrity of the critic in order to avoid having to address the grounds on which the criticism is based.

He does address the grounds on which the criticism is based. The grounds are that it is implausible. He addresses it by saying that each event could have happened to someone.

(D) It takes for granted that a whole story will have a given characteristics if each of its parts has that characteristics.

Correct. As discussed before, he assumes that just because each incident could have happened, the whole story could have taken place. So he assumes that what is true for all the parts will be true for the whole.

(E) It attempts to justify its conclusion by citing reasons that most people would find plausible only if they were already convinced that the conclusion was true.

No such reasoning is involved in the argument.

Answer (D)

Discussion on Flaw in Reasoning: https://youtu.be/3s0tWn3tiT8­
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