Minimum of how many people are needed to have the probability of more than 1/2 that at least one of them was born on either on Monday or on Tuesday?Principle to use:Probability of at Least One \(= 1 - \)Probability of None
This principle works because all cases other than the None case involve at least one being born on Monday or Tuesday.
Probability that a person is born on Monday or Tuesday:Monday and Tuesday are two days out of seven. So, the probability that a person is born on Monday or Tuesday is \(\frac{2}{7}\).
Probability that a person is not born on Monday or Tuesday:\(\frac{5}{7}\)
Probability that none are born on Monday or Tuesday:Let \(x\) be the number of people in the group.
Probability of None \(= (\frac{5}{7})^x\)
Probability of at least one:Probability of at Least One \(= 1 - (\frac{5}{7})^x\)
The question asked:When is \(1 - (\frac{5}{7})^x > \frac{1}{2}\)?
Translation:When is \((\frac{5}{7})^x < \frac{1}{2}\)?
Now, just try the answer choices starting with the lowest one:\((\frac{5}{7})^2 = \frac{25}{49} > \frac{1}{2}\)
We can see that \(\frac{25}{49}\) is just above \(\frac{1}{2}\). So, \(3\) should work, but let's try it anyway.
\((\frac{5}{7})^3 = \frac{125}{353} < \frac{1}{2}\)
A. \(2\)
B. \(3\)
C. \(4\)
D. \(5\)
E. \(6\)Correct answer: B