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Bunuel
Official Solution:


What is the average (arithmetic mean) number of runs per game scored by The New York Yankees last season?

(1) Last season, The New York Yankees played 160 games.

This statement is clearly insufficient, as we don't know the total number of runs.

(2) Last season, The New York Yankees scored four runs per game in exactly \(\frac{1}{5}\) of their games, five runs per game in exactly \(\frac{3}{4}\) of their games, and nine runs per game in exactly \(\frac{1}{20}\) of their games.

Let's check what the sum of the fractions mentioned totals to.

    \(\frac{1}{5} + \frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{20} = 1\)

Hence, we have the number of runs for each fraction of games which sum up to a total of 1. Thus, assuming the total games to be \(x\), we can calculate the average:

    \(\frac{\frac{1}{5}*x*4 + \frac{3}{4}*x*5 + \frac{1}{20}*x*9}{x}\)

\(x\) gets reduced and we get:

    \(\frac{1}{5}*4 + \frac{3}{4}*5 + \frac{1}{20}*9 = 5\)

Sufficient.


Answer: B­

­The formula in (2) calculates the weighted average of the runs per game:

  • The numerator adds the runs scored in each fraction of games: (1/5 * 4 * x) + (3/4 * 5 * x) + (1/20 * 9 * x).
  • The denominator is the total number of games: x.

When divided, x cancels out, giving the average runs per game.­
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Bunuel
Official Solution:


What is the average (arithmetic mean) number of runs per game scored by The New York Yankees last season?

(1) Last season, The New York Yankees played 160 games.

This statement is clearly insufficient, as we don't know the total number of runs.

(2) Last season, The New York Yankees scored four runs per game in exactly \(\frac{1}{5}\) of their games, five runs per game in exactly \(\frac{3}{4}\) of their games, and nine runs per game in exactly \(\frac{1}{20}\) of their games.

Let's check what the sum of the fractions mentioned totals to.

    \(\frac{1}{5} + \frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{20} = 1\)

Hence, we have the number of runs for each fraction of games which sum up to a total of 1. Thus, assuming the total games to be \(x\), we can calculate the average:

    \(\frac{\frac{1}{5}*x*4 + \frac{3}{4}*x*5 + \frac{1}{20}*x*9}{x}\)

\(x\) gets reduced and we get:

    \(\frac{1}{5}*4 + \frac{3}{4}*5 + \frac{1}{20}*9 = 5\)

Sufficient.


Answer: B­


When calculating the average, why multiply with 4, 5 and 9? Kindly consider explaining. Thanks.

Posted from my mobile device
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Bunuel
Official Solution:


What is the average (arithmetic mean) number of runs per game scored by The New York Yankees last season?

(1) Last season, The New York Yankees played 160 games.

This statement is clearly insufficient, as we don't know the total number of runs.

(2) Last season, The New York Yankees scored four runs per game in exactly \(\frac{1}{5}\) of their games, five runs per game in exactly \(\frac{3}{4}\) of their games, and nine runs per game in exactly \(\frac{1}{20}\) of their games.

Let's check what the sum of the fractions mentioned totals to.

    \(\frac{1}{5} + \frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{20} = 1\)

Hence, we have the number of runs for each fraction of games which sum up to a total of 1. Thus, assuming the total games to be \(x\), we can calculate the average:

    \(\frac{\frac{1}{5}*x*4 + \frac{3}{4}*x*5 + \frac{1}{20}*x*9}{x}\)

\(x\) gets reduced and we get:

    \(\frac{1}{5}*4 + \frac{3}{4}*5 + \frac{1}{20}*9 = 5\)

Sufficient.


Answer: B­


When calculating the average, why multiply with 4, 5 and 9? Kindly consider explaining. Thanks.

Posted from my mobile device
­
The numbers 4, 5, and 9 represent the runs scored per game in different fractions of the games. To calculate the total runs scored, you multiply the number of games by the runs per game (4, 5, or 9) for each fraction, then sum these values to find the total runs before dividing by the total number of games to get the average.­
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I think this is a high-quality question and I agree with explanation.
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I think this is a high-quality question and I agree with explanation.
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Maybe I am being picky here. You mentioned WEIGHTED average in your solution, but the question mentions average/arithmetic mean. They are slightly different. One takes into account different weights to different numbers in the set, and the other does not. Shouldn't the question have specified weighted average, then?
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Maybe I am being picky here. You mentioned WEIGHTED average in your solution, but the question mentions average/arithmetic mean. They are slightly different. One takes into account different weights to different numbers in the set, and the other does not. Shouldn't the question have specified weighted average, then?

The question is correct as stated. The "average" or "arithmetic mean" is calculated as the total runs divided by the total number of games. The fractions provided in the problem simply represent the distribution of runs across different games, which is used to compute the total runs.
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Hi Bunuel,

From stmt 2, if I assume total games = 20,
then the NY Yankees scores 4 runs each for 5 games
scores 5 runs each for 15 games and
scores 9 runs for 1 game.

Question: I can feel that stmt 2 has to be sufficient. But how to calculate the average runs per game to make the statement sufficient?
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Bunuel
Official Solution:


What is the average (arithmetic mean) number of runs per game scored by The New York Yankees last season?

(1) Last season, The New York Yankees played 160 games.

This statement is clearly insufficient, as we don't know the total number of runs.

(2) Last season, The New York Yankees scored four runs per game in exactly \(\frac{1}{5}\) of their games, five runs per game in exactly \(\frac{3}{4}\) of their games, and nine runs per game in exactly \(\frac{1}{20}\) of their games.

Let's check what the sum of the fractions mentioned totals to.



\(\frac{1}{5} + \frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{20} = 1\)


Hence, we have the number of runs for each fraction of games which sum up to a total of 1. Thus, assuming the total games to be \(x\), we can calculate the average:



\(\frac{\frac{1}{5}*x*4 + \frac{3}{4}*x*5 + \frac{1}{20}*x*9}{x}\)


\(x\) gets reduced and we get:



\(\frac{1}{5}*4 + \frac{3}{4}*5 + \frac{1}{20}*9 = 5\)


Sufficient.


Answer: B­
Hi Bunuel,

From stmt 2, if I assume total games = 20,
then the NY Yankees scores 4 runs each for 5 games
scores 5 runs each for 15 games and
scores 9 runs for 1 game.

Question: I can feel that stmt 2 has to be sufficient. But how to calculate the average runs per game to make the statement sufficient?

(2) Last season, The New York Yankees scored four runs per game in exactly \(\frac{1}{5}\) of their games, five runs per game in exactly \(\frac{3}{4}\) of their games, and nine runs per game in exactly \(\frac{1}{20}\) of their games.

Since the fractions sum to 1, the average is fixed regardless of total games. So, yes, your assumption works. With 20 games:

  • 4 runs * 4 games = 16 runs
  • 5 runs * 15 games = 75 runs
  • 9 runs * 1 game = 9 runs

Total = 100 runs, so Average = 100/20 = 5

Statement 2 is sufficient.
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