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Question 1
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
72% (02:22) correct
28%
(02:32) wrong
based on 60
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
81% (01:05) correct 19%
(01:15) wrong
based on 53
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
49% (01:36) correct 51%
(01:21) wrong
based on 57
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Q1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the passage?
(A) To argue that exercise is not an effective long-term strategy for weight loss.
(B) To highlight the difficulties of measuring the effects of exercise and diet on weight management.
(C) To demonstrate that exercise has several health benefits despite its limitations for weight loss.
(D) To present research that dismisses the role of physical activity in maintaining a healthy weight.
(E) To evaluate whether exercise plays a significant role in weight loss and weight maintenance.
Q2. The passage mentions "reduced non-exercise activity" (paragraph 3). Which of the following best explains the function of this detail in the passage?
(A) To illustrate why calculating energy expenditure from exercise alone may be insufficient for predicting weight loss.
(B) To support the idea that compensatory eating is the primary cause of minimal weight loss.
(C) To demonstrate that non-exercise thermogenesis is more crucial than exercise for weight loss.
(D) To emphasize the psychological difficulty of maintaining a consistent diet over time.
(E) To provide an example of how physical activity influences glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Q3. Which of the following can be reasonably inferred about the difficulties in monitoring exercise and dietary intake?
(A) Individuals tend to report more physical activity than they actually perform.
(B) It is easier to monitor caloric intake than it is to track exercise intensity over time.
(C) The variability in reported exercise levels makes it difficult to establish a consistent exercise regimen.
(D) People often underestimate the amount of exercise needed to maintain their weight.
(E) The underreporting of food intake is a more significant problem than overreporting exercise levels.
Most individuals maintain a relatively stable weight over their lifetime without constant attention to caloric intake and expenditure. Weight maintenance depends on balancing energy intake (eating and drinking) with energy output, which includes both non-exercise thermogenesis and exercise. For weight loss, exercise is often recommended as a key component of any program. While physical activity and exercise are sometimes used interchangeably, physical activity refers to all movement that expends energy, whereas exercise is planned, structured physical activity.
Research highlights the benefits of exercise, particularly for cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, blood pressure management, and reducing depression. However, the question remains: does exercise alone significantly contribute to weight loss and long-term weight maintenance?
A systematic review of studies with at least a one-year follow-up suggested that participants who relied solely on exercise for weight loss experienced only minimal results. The amount of weight loss expected from calculated energy expenditure often differs from actual weight loss observed in studies. Possible reasons include physiological compensation, such as reduced non-exercise activity, and the difficulty of maintaining consistent food intake over time, which may lead to compensatory eating.
It is important to recognize the challenge of monitoring dietary intake and exercise intensity and duration over the long term. Overreporting of actual exercise and underreporting of food intake by individuals could be a contributing factor to the mixed results found to date.
Research highlights the benefits of exercise, particularly for cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, blood pressure management, and reducing depression. However, the question remains: does exercise alone significantly contribute to weight loss and long-term weight maintenance?
A systematic review of studies with at least a one-year follow-up suggested that participants who relied solely on exercise for weight loss experienced only minimal results. The amount of weight loss expected from calculated energy expenditure often differs from actual weight loss observed in studies. Possible reasons include physiological compensation, such as reduced non-exercise activity, and the difficulty of maintaining consistent food intake over time, which may lead to compensatory eating.
It is important to recognize the challenge of monitoring dietary intake and exercise intensity and duration over the long term. Overreporting of actual exercise and underreporting of food intake by individuals could be a contributing factor to the mixed results found to date.
Q1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the passage?
(A) To argue that exercise is not an effective long-term strategy for weight loss.
(B) To highlight the difficulties of measuring the effects of exercise and diet on weight management.
(C) To demonstrate that exercise has several health benefits despite its limitations for weight loss.
(D) To present research that dismisses the role of physical activity in maintaining a healthy weight.
(E) To evaluate whether exercise plays a significant role in weight loss and weight maintenance.
Q2. The passage mentions "reduced non-exercise activity" (paragraph 3). Which of the following best explains the function of this detail in the passage?
(A) To illustrate why calculating energy expenditure from exercise alone may be insufficient for predicting weight loss.
(B) To support the idea that compensatory eating is the primary cause of minimal weight loss.
(C) To demonstrate that non-exercise thermogenesis is more crucial than exercise for weight loss.
(D) To emphasize the psychological difficulty of maintaining a consistent diet over time.
(E) To provide an example of how physical activity influences glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Q3. Which of the following can be reasonably inferred about the difficulties in monitoring exercise and dietary intake?
(A) Individuals tend to report more physical activity than they actually perform.
(B) It is easier to monitor caloric intake than it is to track exercise intensity over time.
(C) The variability in reported exercise levels makes it difficult to establish a consistent exercise regimen.
(D) People often underestimate the amount of exercise needed to maintain their weight.
(E) The underreporting of food intake is a more significant problem than overreporting exercise levels.
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Here are the official solutions:
Q1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the passage?
Correct Answer: (E)
Explanation:
• (A): Incorrect. While the passage does question the effectiveness of exercise as a long-term weight-loss strategy, it does not argue against exercise outright. The passage remains more neutral, focusing on research findings rather than taking a strong stance against exercise as ineffective.
• (B): Incorrect. The passage does mention challenges in measuring exercise and diet, but this is only one part of the broader discussion. The primary focus is on evaluating exercise's role in weight loss and maintenance, not just on measurement difficulties.
• (C): Incorrect. This option focuses too narrowly on the health benefits of exercise, which, while discussed, are not the main point. The passage centers on evaluating exercise's impact on weight loss and maintenance, rather than promoting its general health benefits.
• (D): Incorrect. The passage does not dismiss physical activity’s role in maintaining a healthy weight. It acknowledges that exercise alone may not be enough for weight loss but still recognizes its potential benefits, particularly for health management.
• (E): Correct. This option accurately captures the primary purpose of the passage, which is to evaluate whether exercise significantly contributes to weight loss and long-term weight maintenance, based on the evidence and research presented. The passage considers both sides of the issue, making this the most comprehensive answer.
Q2. The passage mentions "reduced non-exercise activity" (paragraph 3). Which of the following best explains the function of this detail in the passage?
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation:
• (A): Correct. The detail explains why energy expenditure from exercise may not result in expected weight loss, as people may become less active outside of exercise, reducing overall calorie burn.
• (B): Incorrect. "Reduced non-exercise activity" relates to physical movement, not eating habits, so it doesn’t support the idea that compensatory eating is the main issue.
• (C): Incorrect. The passage doesn’t claim that non-exercise thermogenesis is more important than exercise, only that reduced activity can offset the benefits of exercise.
• (D): Incorrect. This detail concerns physical activity, not psychological challenges with maintaining a diet.
• (E): Incorrect. The mention of "reduced non-exercise activity" has nothing to do with glycemic control or diabetes; it's about energy expenditure and weight loss.
Q3. Which of the following can be reasonably inferred about the difficulties in monitoring exercise and dietary intake?
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation:
• (A): Correct. The passage explicitly states that individuals tend to overreport their actual level of physical activity, which means they often report performing more exercise than they truly do. This inference aligns directly with the passage, which discusses how self-reports on exercise and food intake are often inaccurate, particularly with individuals overreporting exercise.
• (B): Incorrect. The passage does not suggest that monitoring caloric intake is easier than tracking exercise intensity. In fact, the passage highlights the challenge of accurately monitoring both exercise and food intake. The reference to underreporting food intake suggests that caloric monitoring is equally difficult, if not more so.
• (C): Incorrect. While the passage does mention variability in exercise levels, it does not imply that this makes it difficult to establish a consistent exercise regimen. Instead, the focus is on the difficulty of accurately reporting exercise, not on maintaining consistency in the exercise routine itself.
• (D): Incorrect. The passage does not imply that people underestimate the amount of exercise needed to maintain their weight. Rather, it suggests that individuals often overreport the exercise they perform, and physiological compensation (such as reduced non-exercise activity) plays a role in why exercise alone may not result in significant weight loss. This option shifts the focus in the wrong direction.
• (E): Incorrect. Although the passage discusses both overreporting exercise and underreporting food intake, it does not explicitly state that underreporting food intake is a more significant issue than overreporting exercise. The passage treats both as contributing factors, but there is no clear indication that one is more significant than the other. Therefore, this answer overextends beyond the passage’s content.
Q1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the passage?
Correct Answer: (E)
Explanation:
• (A): Incorrect. While the passage does question the effectiveness of exercise as a long-term weight-loss strategy, it does not argue against exercise outright. The passage remains more neutral, focusing on research findings rather than taking a strong stance against exercise as ineffective.
• (B): Incorrect. The passage does mention challenges in measuring exercise and diet, but this is only one part of the broader discussion. The primary focus is on evaluating exercise's role in weight loss and maintenance, not just on measurement difficulties.
• (C): Incorrect. This option focuses too narrowly on the health benefits of exercise, which, while discussed, are not the main point. The passage centers on evaluating exercise's impact on weight loss and maintenance, rather than promoting its general health benefits.
• (D): Incorrect. The passage does not dismiss physical activity’s role in maintaining a healthy weight. It acknowledges that exercise alone may not be enough for weight loss but still recognizes its potential benefits, particularly for health management.
• (E): Correct. This option accurately captures the primary purpose of the passage, which is to evaluate whether exercise significantly contributes to weight loss and long-term weight maintenance, based on the evidence and research presented. The passage considers both sides of the issue, making this the most comprehensive answer.
Q2. The passage mentions "reduced non-exercise activity" (paragraph 3). Which of the following best explains the function of this detail in the passage?
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation:
• (A): Correct. The detail explains why energy expenditure from exercise may not result in expected weight loss, as people may become less active outside of exercise, reducing overall calorie burn.
• (B): Incorrect. "Reduced non-exercise activity" relates to physical movement, not eating habits, so it doesn’t support the idea that compensatory eating is the main issue.
• (C): Incorrect. The passage doesn’t claim that non-exercise thermogenesis is more important than exercise, only that reduced activity can offset the benefits of exercise.
• (D): Incorrect. This detail concerns physical activity, not psychological challenges with maintaining a diet.
• (E): Incorrect. The mention of "reduced non-exercise activity" has nothing to do with glycemic control or diabetes; it's about energy expenditure and weight loss.
Q3. Which of the following can be reasonably inferred about the difficulties in monitoring exercise and dietary intake?
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation:
• (A): Correct. The passage explicitly states that individuals tend to overreport their actual level of physical activity, which means they often report performing more exercise than they truly do. This inference aligns directly with the passage, which discusses how self-reports on exercise and food intake are often inaccurate, particularly with individuals overreporting exercise.
• (B): Incorrect. The passage does not suggest that monitoring caloric intake is easier than tracking exercise intensity. In fact, the passage highlights the challenge of accurately monitoring both exercise and food intake. The reference to underreporting food intake suggests that caloric monitoring is equally difficult, if not more so.
• (C): Incorrect. While the passage does mention variability in exercise levels, it does not imply that this makes it difficult to establish a consistent exercise regimen. Instead, the focus is on the difficulty of accurately reporting exercise, not on maintaining consistency in the exercise routine itself.
• (D): Incorrect. The passage does not imply that people underestimate the amount of exercise needed to maintain their weight. Rather, it suggests that individuals often overreport the exercise they perform, and physiological compensation (such as reduced non-exercise activity) plays a role in why exercise alone may not result in significant weight loss. This option shifts the focus in the wrong direction.
• (E): Incorrect. Although the passage discusses both overreporting exercise and underreporting food intake, it does not explicitly state that underreporting food intake is a more significant issue than overreporting exercise. The passage treats both as contributing factors, but there is no clear indication that one is more significant than the other. Therefore, this answer overextends beyond the passage’s content.
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