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D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
72% (01:14) correct
28%
(01:30)
wrong
based on 5911
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Most of the purported health benefits of tea comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels.
(A) comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that
(B) comes from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
(C) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and
(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that
(E) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
(A) comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that
(B) comes from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
(C) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and
(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that
(E) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
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04 Dec 2017, 00:15
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So we just filmed a live YouTube webinar on the joys of commas, dashes, colons, and semicolons, and this was one of the questions that we... um, could have covered, but decided not to, because an hour whips by quickly, and we had some better examples. But this particular question has a nice, distracting dash, and much of the webinar emphasized the idea that you don't want to get distracted unnecessarily by punctuation on the GMAT.
And the dash isn't terribly interesting here, anyway. The phrase after the dash is a modifier that tells us more about "antioxidants" -- specifically, everything after the dash is a noun ("compounds") with some modifiers attached to it, and the resulting noun phrase just modifies the noun "antioxidants." It's just that some of the versions of the noun phrase make more sense than others.
And I know that I'm a little bit late to the party (the end of pregnancy is awesome!), but hopefully this will still be useful for a few people!
The noun phrase after the dash also has a funny flaw. What the heck is the "that" doing there? It seems to modify "vitamin C" only, and that doesn't make any sense: it's the compounds "that inhibit the formation of plaque", not just the vitamin C.
Either way, (A) is gone.
Plus, there's really no good reason to end the underlined portion by starting a brand-new clause after the "and." The stuff after the dash is all there as a modifier for "antioxidants", and it's awfully weird to suddenly stick a clause at the end of it. We're much better off if the rest of the sentence just continues to modify "compounds", which is a modifier for "antioxidants."
And even if you don't believe a word I said in that last paragraph, the subject-verb thing is a pretty big deal, so we can ditch (B).
Let's line (C) and (D) up next to each other to make it easier to see which one is better:
But in (C), the end of the sentence is structured in a way that makes it seem like "inhibit" and "found" are verbs: "compounds also found in beta carotene... and inhibit the formation of plaque..." That's not cool: we can use the noun phrase beginning with "compounds" as a modifier for the noun "antioxidants" (which is what happens in D), but we can't stick a whole clause in there after the dash as a modifier for "antioxidants" (which is the story in C).
So (C) is out, and we can keep (D).
(And yes, I cut and pasted some of the text in (B). My wife is in the early bits of labor, so I'm striving for efficiency between contractions. They aren't dramatic yet. TMI? OK, cool. I'll stop now.)
So (D) is the best we can do.
And the dash isn't terribly interesting here, anyway. The phrase after the dash is a modifier that tells us more about "antioxidants" -- specifically, everything after the dash is a noun ("compounds") with some modifiers attached to it, and the resulting noun phrase just modifies the noun "antioxidants." It's just that some of the versions of the noun phrase make more sense than others.
And I know that I'm a little bit late to the party (the end of pregnancy is awesome!), but hopefully this will still be useful for a few people!
Quote:
The most obvious issue here is the subject-verb agreement: the subject "most of the health benefits" is plural, so "comes" is wrong.
The noun phrase after the dash also has a funny flaw. What the heck is the "that" doing there? It seems to modify "vitamin C" only, and that doesn't make any sense: it's the compounds "that inhibit the formation of plaque", not just the vitamin C.
Either way, (A) is gone.
Quote:
Subject-verb agreement is incorrect again, and that's enough reason to get rid of (B).
Plus, there's really no good reason to end the underlined portion by starting a brand-new clause after the "and." The stuff after the dash is all there as a modifier for "antioxidants", and it's awfully weird to suddenly stick a clause at the end of it. We're much better off if the rest of the sentence just continues to modify "compounds", which is a modifier for "antioxidants."
And even if you don't believe a word I said in that last paragraph, the subject-verb thing is a pretty big deal, so we can ditch (B).
Let's line (C) and (D) up next to each other to make it easier to see which one is better:
Quote:
OK, so the subject-verb agreement is fixed here, so the only thing we need to think about is the modifier that comes after the dash. In (D), we have some nice parallelism: "compounds that are found in beta carotene... and that inhibit the formation of plaque..." Cool, "compounds" is just modified a couple of times.
But in (C), the end of the sentence is structured in a way that makes it seem like "inhibit" and "found" are verbs: "compounds also found in beta carotene... and inhibit the formation of plaque..." That's not cool: we can use the noun phrase beginning with "compounds" as a modifier for the noun "antioxidants" (which is what happens in D), but we can't stick a whole clause in there after the dash as a modifier for "antioxidants" (which is the story in C).
So (C) is out, and we can keep (D).
Quote:
(E) has exactly the same issue as the last part of (B): there's really no good reason to end the underlined portion by starting a brand-new clause after the "and." The stuff after the dash is all there as a modifier for "antioxidants", and it's awfully weird to suddenly stick a clause at the end of it. We're much better off if the rest of the sentence just continues to modify "compounds", which is a modifier for "antioxidants."
(And yes, I cut and pasted some of the text in (B). My wife is in the early bits of labor, so I'm striving for efficiency between contractions. They aren't dramatic yet. TMI? OK, cool. I'll stop now.)
So (D) is the best we can do.
25 Nov 2010, 09:57
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What is wrong with C?
When fully expanded C will read:
Most of the purported health benefits of tea come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels.
The subject of the first part is - most (of the health benefits)- and the verb is – come -. By default, the subject of the second part is -( most ) of the health benefits -and its verb – Inhibit.
You can see the distortion of the meaning that it is the purported health benefits that inhibit plaque rather then the anti-oxidants. This is why C is not the right choice.
In E, the pronoun they may refer to the health benefits since subject rightly takes priority over any other noun that is placed nearer than the subject, per se.
When fully expanded C will read:
Most of the purported health benefits of tea come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels.
The subject of the first part is - most (of the health benefits)- and the verb is – come -. By default, the subject of the second part is -( most ) of the health benefits -and its verb – Inhibit.
You can see the distortion of the meaning that it is the purported health benefits that inhibit plaque rather then the anti-oxidants. This is why C is not the right choice.
In E, the pronoun they may refer to the health benefits since subject rightly takes priority over any other noun that is placed nearer than the subject, per se.
19 Aug 2017, 06:50
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The 2/3 split here is right at the start of the underlined portion: do we need "comes" or "come"? The subject is "most of the purported health benefits," so we need the plural form "come".
We can eliminate E for using the pronoun "they," which could refer to antioxidants, compounds, or health benefits.
D uses parallel construction correctly:
"compounds that (are also found...) and that (inhibit the formation...)"
C does not use parallel form.
Look at choice C in its entirety:
Most of the purported health benefits of tea come from antioxidants--compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and inhibit the formation of plaque along the body's blood vessels.
"And" must connect like forms. Here, we see "and inhibit," so the "and" must be linking a preceding verb to "inhibit." The only preceding verb is "come." So we get the following: Most of the purported health benefits of tea come from anti-oxidants... and inhibit the formation of plaque. The purported health benefits inhibit the formation of plaque? That doesn't make any sense.
Contrast C with the logic and parallelism of D: compounds that are x and that inhibit y. Now the compounds are inhibiting the formation of plaque. This is logical.
"Found" in C is a participle that functions as an adjective modifying "compounds," whereas "inhibit" is a simple present tense verb of which "compounds" is the subject. (The construction "are found" contains the verb "are" + the participle "found." "And" can't be used to connect two different parts of speech.
(It's worth noting that "found" can also be a simple past tense verb. "Dave found a bug in his cereal." The compounds in the previous example are not the agents of the action in the way that Dave is here.)
D. come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that
E. come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
This is a problem that deals with the structure of the sentence. D is parallel "compounds that modifier and that modifier. E does not have a legit strcuture: "compounds modifier , and they clause
We can eliminate E for using the pronoun "they," which could refer to antioxidants, compounds, or health benefits.
D uses parallel construction correctly:
"compounds that (are also found...) and that (inhibit the formation...)"
C does not use parallel form.
Look at choice C in its entirety:
Most of the purported health benefits of tea come from antioxidants--compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and inhibit the formation of plaque along the body's blood vessels.
"And" must connect like forms. Here, we see "and inhibit," so the "and" must be linking a preceding verb to "inhibit." The only preceding verb is "come." So we get the following: Most of the purported health benefits of tea come from anti-oxidants... and inhibit the formation of plaque. The purported health benefits inhibit the formation of plaque? That doesn't make any sense.
Contrast C with the logic and parallelism of D: compounds that are x and that inhibit y. Now the compounds are inhibiting the formation of plaque. This is logical.
"Found" in C is a participle that functions as an adjective modifying "compounds," whereas "inhibit" is a simple present tense verb of which "compounds" is the subject. (The construction "are found" contains the verb "are" + the participle "found." "And" can't be used to connect two different parts of speech.
(It's worth noting that "found" can also be a simple past tense verb. "Dave found a bug in his cereal." The compounds in the previous example are not the agents of the action in the way that Dave is here.)
D. come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that
E. come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
This is a problem that deals with the structure of the sentence. D is parallel "compounds that modifier and that modifier. E does not have a legit strcuture: "compounds modifier , and they clause
