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Most of the purported health benefits of tea comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels. {SANAM} pronoun -> here =>plural

(A) comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that SV agreement

(B) comes from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they SV agreement

(C) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and inhibit { inhibit is not in option but It's not parallel to also found

(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that

(E) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they => antioxidants / health benefits of tea ??
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Most of the purported health benefits of tea comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels.


(A) comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that

(B) comes from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they

(C) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and

(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that

(E) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they


Verbal Question of The Day: Day 167: Sentence Correction


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By elimination, I could reach to choice D. However, in option D

(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that


why is there no comma before "and"?

If I'm not wrong we need a comma before and to join two clauses.
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sakshamchhabra

By elimination, I could reach to choice D. However, in option D

(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that

why is there no comma before "and"?

If I'm not wrong we need a comma before and to join two clauses.

Hi sakshamchhabra,

Actually, two parallel entities here are noun modifiers. "coumponds" is the noun that is modified by following two modifiers:

1. that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C
2. that inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels.

we need not use a comma to connect two modifiers.

in simple form : compounds that are found in xyz and that inhibit the abc.
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sakshamchhabra
By elimination, I could reach to choice D. However, in option D

(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that


why is there no comma before "and"?

If I'm not wrong we need a comma before and to join two clauses.
My reply is not about this particular question, but about the "comma before and" discussion in general. What you're asking about here is a "pure" style call. That is, there is no broad consensus on the issue, and different people and organizations prescribe different approaches to the same thing. We would, of course, have to apply whatever the GMAT believes is correct, but when has an official source ever told us that it is not possible to put a comma before an and in a list of two items? And if this is something divined from the patterns seen in official questions, how old are those questions, and how many?

I know that we are going to continue seeing this "rule" on the forums, and it probably doesn't hurt to be aware of it, but we should definitely not try to apply it as something that is right up there with subject-verb agreement in terms of reliability. I would actually advise you to avoid applying it completely on the GMAT.
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What does the "-" mean in the sentences? Can you elaborate please the uses of "-" in a sentence

Thank you
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From what I have seen on GMAT, dash is used for elaboration of a preceding phrase (for example, antioxidants in this case).
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Most of the purported health benefits of tea comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels.

Most of the purported health benefits -> SANAM Pronouns -> depend on noun in the of phrase - health benefits -> Plural
Eliminate A & B
(A) comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that -
(B) comes from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they

(C) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and
No reason to add another clause to describe compounds. A clause used to describe antioxidants need not be separated by hyphen.

(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that
The noun modifier is used to describe antioxidants and is separated by hyphen.

(E) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
No reason to add another clause to describe compounds. A clause used to describe antioxidants need not be separated by hyphen.
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Hello experts MartyTargetTestPrep GMATNinja AjiteshArun,
generis

A question regarding answer choice E, if we neglect the fact that there is the answer choice D that is much better than E, could we accept answer choice E as an option that is grammatically correct? What I mean is there are posts that claim that "they" is wrong and it could refer to "health benefits", but in my opinion the only valid antecedent of they is antioxidants(compounds) because health benefits cannot inhibit the formation of plaque... furthermore I cannot find any other "error", so in a scenario that we did not have answer choice D and all the other choices had grammatical errors could we accept answer choice E as the correct answer?
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[quote="raghavs"]Most of the purported health benefits of tea comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels.


(A) comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that

(B) comes from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they

(C) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and

(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that

(E) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they

the pattern in choice E show that "they" refers to "most benefits" because we have 2 independent clauses. so, the subject of the second clause should refer to the subject of the first clause.

of course, this grammatical reference dont make logical meaning.
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So we just filmed a live YouTube webinar on the joys of commas, dashes, colons, and semicolons, and this was one of the questions that we... um, could have covered, but decided not to, because an hour whips by quickly, and we had some better examples. But this particular question has a nice, distracting dash, and much of the webinar emphasized the idea that you don't want to get distracted unnecessarily by punctuation on the GMAT.

And the dash isn't terribly interesting here, anyway. The phrase after the dash is a modifier that tells us more about "antioxidants" -- specifically, everything after the dash is a noun ("compounds") with some modifiers attached to it, and the resulting noun phrase just modifies the noun "antioxidants." It's just that some of the versions of the noun phrase make more sense than others.

And I know that I'm a little bit late to the party (the end of pregnancy is awesome!), but hopefully this will still be useful for a few people!

Quote:
(A) comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that
The most obvious issue here is the subject-verb agreement: the subject "most of the health benefits" is plural, so "comes" is wrong.

The noun phrase after the dash also has a funny flaw. What the heck is the "that" doing there? It seems to modify "vitamin C" only, and that doesn't make any sense: it's the compounds "that inhibit the formation of plaque", not just the vitamin C.

Either way, (A) is gone.

Quote:
(B) comes from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
Subject-verb agreement is incorrect again, and that's enough reason to get rid of (B).

Plus, there's really no good reason to end the underlined portion by starting a brand-new clause after the "and." The stuff after the dash is all there as a modifier for "antioxidants", and it's awfully weird to suddenly stick a clause at the end of it. We're much better off if the rest of the sentence just continues to modify "compounds", which is a modifier for "antioxidants."

And even if you don't believe a word I said in that last paragraph, the subject-verb thing is a pretty big deal, so we can ditch (B).

Let's line (C) and (D) up next to each other to make it easier to see which one is better:
Quote:
(C) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and
(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that
OK, so the subject-verb agreement is fixed here, so the only thing we need to think about is the modifier that comes after the dash. In (D), we have some nice parallelism: "compounds that are found in beta carotene... and that inhibit the formation of plaque..." Cool, "compounds" is just modified a couple of times.

But in (C), the end of the sentence is structured in a way that makes it seem like "inhibit" and "found" are verbs: "compounds also found in beta carotene... and inhibit the formation of plaque..." That's not cool: we can use the noun phrase beginning with "compounds" as a modifier for the noun "antioxidants" (which is what happens in D), but we can't stick a whole clause in there after the dash as a modifier for "antioxidants" (which is the story in C).

So (C) is out, and we can keep (D).

Quote:
(E) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
(E) has exactly the same issue as the last part of (B): there's really no good reason to end the underlined portion by starting a brand-new clause after the "and." The stuff after the dash is all there as a modifier for "antioxidants", and it's awfully weird to suddenly stick a clause at the end of it. We're much better off if the rest of the sentence just continues to modify "compounds", which is a modifier for "antioxidants."

(And yes, I cut and pasted some of the text in (B). My wife is in the early bits of labor, so I'm striving for efficiency between contractions. They aren't dramatic yet. TMI? OK, cool. I'll stop now.)

So (D) is the best we can do.

Do we need dash to end the words between them, or is it ok to to use only single dash? If yes, then how do we know that we are no more modifying the noun before the dash?
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Hello experts MartyTargetTestPrep GMATNinja AjiteshArun,
generis

A question regarding answer choice E, if we neglect the fact that there is the answer choice D that is much better than E, could we accept answer choice E as an option that is grammatically correct? What I mean is there are posts that claim that "they" is wrong and it could refer to "health benefits", but in my opinion the only valid antecedent of they is antioxidants(compounds) because health benefits cannot inhibit the formation of plaque... furthermore I cannot find any other "error", so in a scenario that we did not have answer choice D and all the other choices had grammatical errors could we accept answer choice E as the correct answer?
You're right that (E) is grammatically correct, but the reality is that in a tough SC question, you'll often find multiple options that don't have a grammatical error. That's what makes the question hard!

Typically, when the second clause in a sentence begins with a pronoun, the most logical place to look for the antecedent is the subject of the previous clause. For example:

    Tim's children like to bathe about once a month, and they often express confusion about why the other kids in the neighborhood aren't interested in playdates.

Here, as soon as I see "and they," I assume that the original plural subject is performing a second action. So Tim's children "like to bathe" and Tim's children "express confusion."

Now take another look at (E):

Quote:
Most of the purported health benefits of tea come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels.
In this case, if I assume "and they" is playing the same role as it did in the previous sentence, it now sounds as though "most of the purported health benefits of tea" do two things: they come from antioxidants and they inhibit the formation of plaque. This is nonsense. Health benefits don't inhibit plaque. You could say that inhibiting plaque is a health benefit, but you can't say that a health benefit itself inhibits plaque.

So that's the biggest problem with (E). The grammar is fine, but the meaning is wonky.

If I reread the sentence a few times, I could probably figure out that "they" is actually referring to the "compounds." But now there's a problem with parallelism. "Compounds also found" is a modifier with no verb and so can't be parallel to the clause "they inhibit."

So one of two things is going on: either the meaning is a mess or the parallelism is off.

That said, if this were the first option I saw, I might not eliminate it immediately. I'd register the problems and then be on the lookout for an option that's more logical and that fixes the faulty parallelism. This is precisely what (D) does. It contains two "that" clauses that both describe the "compounds," so, as you noted, it's clearly better than (E).

This is all to say that you're thinking about this the right way. Your first job is to eliminate answer choices that contain concrete errors. After that, you need to compare the remaining options and pick the one that's the clearest and most logical of the bunch, even if the alternatives aren't necessarily grammatically wrong.

I hope that helps!
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D
POE
Benefits should follow plural verb come -A,B out

(C) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and -- reference to.antioxidants is not made

(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that

(E) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they -- they is not referring to antioxidants

Posted from my mobile device
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So we just filmed a live YouTube webinar on the joys of commas, dashes, colons, and semicolons, and this was one of the questions that we... um, could have covered, but decided not to, because an hour whips by quickly, and we had some better examples. But this particular question has a nice, distracting dash, and much of the webinar emphasized the idea that you don't want to get distracted unnecessarily by punctuation on the GMAT.

And the dash isn't terribly interesting here, anyway. The phrase after the dash is a modifier that tells us more about "antioxidants" -- specifically, everything after the dash is a noun ("compounds") with some modifiers attached to it, and the resulting noun phrase just modifies the noun "antioxidants." It's just that some of the versions of the noun phrase make more sense than others.

And I know that I'm a little bit late to the party (the end of pregnancy is awesome!), but hopefully this will still be useful for a few people!

Quote:
(A) comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that
The most obvious issue here is the subject-verb agreement: the subject "most of the health benefits" is plural, so "comes" is wrong.

The noun phrase after the dash also has a funny flaw. What the heck is the "that" doing there? It seems to modify "vitamin C" only, and that doesn't make any sense: it's the compounds "that inhibit the formation of plaque", not just the vitamin C.

Either way, (A) is gone.

Quote:
(B) comes from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
Subject-verb agreement is incorrect again, and that's enough reason to get rid of (B).

Plus, there's really no good reason to end the underlined portion by starting a brand-new clause after the "and." The stuff after the dash is all there as a modifier for "antioxidants", and it's awfully weird to suddenly stick a clause at the end of it. We're much better off if the rest of the sentence just continues to modify "compounds", which is a modifier for "antioxidants."

And even if you don't believe a word I said in that last paragraph, the subject-verb thing is a pretty big deal, so we can ditch (B).

Let's line (C) and (D) up next to each other to make it easier to see which one is better:
Quote:
(C) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and
(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that
OK, so the subject-verb agreement is fixed here, so the only thing we need to think about is the modifier that comes after the dash. In (D), we have some nice parallelism: "compounds that are found in beta carotene... and that inhibit the formation of plaque..." Cool, "compounds" is just modified a couple of times.

But in (C), the end of the sentence is structured in a way that makes it seem like "inhibit" and "found" are verbs: "compounds also found in beta carotene... and inhibit the formation of plaque..." That's not cool: we can use the noun phrase beginning with "compounds" as a modifier for the noun "antioxidants" (which is what happens in D), but we can't stick a whole clause in there after the dash as a modifier for "antioxidants" (which is the story in C).

So (C) is out, and we can keep (D).

Quote:
(E) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
(E) has exactly the same issue as the last part of (B): there's really no good reason to end the underlined portion by starting a brand-new clause after the "and." The stuff after the dash is all there as a modifier for "antioxidants", and it's awfully weird to suddenly stick a clause at the end of it. We're much better off if the rest of the sentence just continues to modify "compounds", which is a modifier for "antioxidants."

(And yes, I cut and pasted some of the text in (B). My wife is in the early bits of labor, so I'm striving for efficiency between contractions. They aren't dramatic yet. TMI? OK, cool. I'll stop now.)

So (D) is the best we can do.
Is it necessary that "dash" should be closed before we continue with the main sentence? If not, can "found" be parallel to "come"
and not "inhibit"? Or we have to wait till the "dash" closes?
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Is it necessary that "dash" should be closed before we continue with the main sentence? If not, can "found" be parallel to "come"
and not "inhibit"? Or we have to wait till the "dash" closes?
Hi lakshya14,

A dash should normally be closed (that's why we often see a pair of dashes), as in (1) below, but we can't do that if the element that the dash introduces ends the sentence (2).

1. AB—XY—CD.

2. AB—XY.

3. AB—XY—.

The sentence the correct option leads to is like (2): AB—XY.

Most of the purported health benefits of tea come from antioxidantscompounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels. ← The found on the right of the dash is not related in any way to the come on the left of the dash.

antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels.That are also found... is parallel to that inhibit... and both describe compounds, which in turn describes antioxidants.
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Most of the purported health benefits of tea comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that inhibit the formation of plaque along the body’s blood vessels.


(A) comes from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that

(B) comes from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they

(C) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and

(D) come from antioxidants—compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that

(E) come from antioxidants—compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they

Health benefits is plural so the verb has to be plural which is come. Eliminate ans A and B. Now After '-' we have another independent clause. We have to see parallelism compounds that are also found and compounds that inhibit. so ans is D
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To eliminate between option D & E. I used the non underlined part of the sentence in the end.
In option E " they inhibit" seems wrong as they is plural & inhibit is also plural. So E is out.

I hope my understanding is correct . Hope some experts can confirm the understading.
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To eliminate between option D & E. I used the non underlined part of the sentence in the end.
In option E " they inhibit" seems wrong as they is plural & inhibit is also plural. So E is out.

I hope my understanding is correct . Hope some experts can confirm the understading.

Hello GMATBUDDING,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your question, Option E is not actually incorrect; it is just inferior to Option D because it is less direct.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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GMAT Club Verbal Expert
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