Hello Everyone!
Let's tackle this question, one issue at a time, and narrow it down to the right choice quickly! To begin, here is the original question with any major differences between the options highlighted in
orange:
The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming,
a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels, will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful to their habitats.
(A)
a phenomenon most scientists
agree to be caused by
human beings in burning fossil fuels,(B)
a phenomenon most scientists
agree that is caused by
fossil fuels burned by human beings,(C)
a phenomenon that most scientists
agree is caused by
human beings' burning of fossil fuels,(D)
which most scientists
agree on as a phenomenon caused by
human beings who burn fossil fuels(E)
which most scientists
agree to be a phenomenon caused by
fossil fuels burned by human beingsAfter taking a quick glance over the options, a few key differences popped out:
1. How to start the modifier: "a phenomenon" vs. "which" (Clarity/Meaning)
2. agree to be / agree that is / agree is / agree on (Idiom/Verbs)
3. What is global warming caused by? (Clarity/Meaning)Let's start with #1 on our list because it will eliminate 2-3 options in one round. This is a matter of clarity.
First, we need to ask ourselves
what exactly the scientists are agreeing on in this sentence. Are they agreeing that global warming is a phenomenon? Or do they agree on what causes it? It makes more sense for this sentence to say that scientists agree on what causes the phenomenon! The phrase "a phenomenon" is merely giving us more details about the antecedent "global warming," which is fine. So let's see how our options hold up:
(A)
a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,
(B)
a phenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,
(C)
a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings' burning of fossil fuels,
(D)
which most scientists agree on as a phenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,
(E)
which most scientists agree to be a phenomenon caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,
We can eliminate options D & E because they slightly change the meaning and focus. The phrase should focus on scientists agreeing on what causes global warming, NOT that it's a phenomenon.
Now that we have things narrowed down a bit, let's move on to #2 & #3 on our list: verbs and meaning. We need to make sure that each option is using the correct verb tense (to be caused/is caused) and that it clearly states what scientists believe causes global warming! Let's see how they break down:
(A) a phenomenon most scientists agree
to be caused by
human beings in burning fossil fuels,
This is
INCORRECT for two reasons. First, the verb "to be" implies that scientists will agree on this
in the future, and not in the present, which is more likely. Second, it states that global warming is caused by "human beings in burning fossil fuels." This literally means that global warming is caused by human beings
who are sitting inside burning fossil fuels. Sounds odd, right? That's because it is! Global warming is caused by burning fossil fuels, not by human beings who are somehow swimming around in burning fossil fuels. So let's rule this out for verb tense and meaning problems.
(B) a phenomenon most scientists agree
that is caused by
fossil fuels burned by human beings,
While this option does get things mostly right, it is still
INCORRECT. The word "that" is misplaced here. It is meant to be used as a modifier for the word "phenomenon," so it needs to be placed before "most scientists agree" and not after it. It also just sounds awkward. So let's eliminate this one because of word placement issues.
(C) a phenomenon
that most scientists agree
is caused by
human beings' burning of fossil fuels,
This is
CORRECT! Everything is written clearly and concisely. It uses the present tense "is" to convey that scientists currently agree on this, and what they agree on is stated clearly (global warming is caused by
the action of humans burning fossil fuels).
There you have it - option C is the correct choice!Don't study for the GMAT. Train for it.
_________________
EMPOWERgmat
Total GMAT Content & Tactical Training | 120 Point Guarantee | All 6 Official GMAT Tests
empowergmat.com