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One reason that the student was ahead of her classmates was because of having taken summer school through the local college.

(A) because of having taken summer school - 'reason' and 'because' redundant
(B) her having taken summer school - 'having' is almost always wrong in GMAT
(C) that she had taken summer school - awkward
(D) because she took summer school - 'reason' and 'because' redundant
(E) she had taken summer school - CORRECT
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Two different timings...should be in past perfect tense
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isn't in E a run-on sentence?
we have the reason was -> she had taken
2 subjects, 2 verbs - not properly connected
I would rather go with C, as in C the SV is in the subordinate clause...
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the reason that
is incorrect in wirten english though it is spoken

the reason for which I learn gmat is clear
is correct
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thangvietnam
the reason that
is incorrect in wirten english though it is spoken

the reason for which I learn gmat is clear
is correct

your second sentence is correct, because it is inside a which dependent clause.
in E though - we do not have such.
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Why is E is better choice than C?? MartyMurray , AjiteshArun
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Prateek176
Why is E is better choice than C?? MartyMurray , AjiteshArun
I personally like (C) better than (E).

In the version created using choice (C), we have:

The reason (noun) was (verb) that she ... (noun clause)

So, a noun "was" a noun clause. A noun clause makes perfect sense as the subject complement.

In the version created using choice (E) we have:

The reason (noun) was (verb) she had taken ... (independent clause)

To me this version is not as clearly correct as the version created via the use of (C), and, in any case, there is no reason to consider the version created via the use of (E) superior to the version created via the use of (C).
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Prateek176
Why is E is better choice than C?? MartyMurray , AjiteshArun
The only possible reason is the awkwardness created by the usage of that, given that we already have another that in the sentence.

One reason that the student was ahead of her classmates was that she had taken summer school...

However, this is not a big deal, and it could be argued that making the second that explicit actually helps the sentence.
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