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+1 C. Rest are choices are messed up by the incorrect usage of "that"
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C

an unusual minor base known as ..
an unusual minor base resembling thymine ..
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eladshus
Hi all,

Can you please help to understand the official answer to this SC question?

Thanks.

Originally found in parasites belonging to the order of kinetoplastids, DNA base "J", an unusual minor base known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and that resembles thymine, has been proven to control antigenic variation; exist in the DNA of euglenids, evidence for a close relation between kinetoplastids and euglenids; and cause certain severe diseases.

(A) known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and that resembles
(B) known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and that, resembling
(C) known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and resembling
(D) that is known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and it resembles
(E) that is known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and that, resembling

i am still confused between C and E. why E is wrong. ???
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There's still some confusion between A and C here guys, could someone please clarify what's wrong?

Thanks!
Cheers
J :)
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There's still some confusion between A and C here guys, could someone please clarify what's wrong?

Thanks!
Cheers
J :)

Here is my take on this. Hope this helps.

In choice A, the use of modifiers is not clear. 'Known' is a participle phrase modifier modifying 'an unusual minor base'. The sentence is trying hard to have a second modifier and it is supposedly modifying 'an unusual minor base' with 'that resembles thymine'. This where it gets tricky as it is not clear as to which 'that' refers to.

This confusion is clearly addressed in choice 'C' with the use of participle phrase modifier and '-ing' modifier, both of which work in a similar way.
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Originally found in parasites belonging to the order of kinetoplastids, DNA base "J", an unusual minor base known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and that resembles thymine, has been proven to control antigenic variation; exist in the DNA of euglenids, evidence for a close relation between kinetoplastids and euglenids; and cause certain severe diseases.

(A) known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and that resembles

There is a pronoun ambiguity - What is that refer to? It can be DNA base "J" or eukaryotes . Logically it should refer to "eukaryotes". - Incorrect.

(B) known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and that, resembling
", resembling" makes it even more spooky. Now it is a verbing modifier and should modify the previous clause which it doesn't. - Incorrect

(C) known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and resembling
Now the structure is correct.

"an unusual minor base" is an modifier which says about DNA base "J" and "and" separates the clause and subject is still "DNA base "J""
Hence the sentence becomes "DNA base "J" resembling thymine "- this is another modifier modifying the subject - DNA base "J". - Correct.

(D) that is known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and it resembles

that actually a relative pronoun and refers to "DNA base "J"" so the sentence structure is completely wrong. If we break this in clauses.

DNA base "J", an unusual minor base
that is known as as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and it resembles thymine.
But there is no predicate for the subject "an unusual minor base" - it is hanging here - Incorrect.

(E) that is known as the only hyper-modified DNA base in eukaryotes and that, resembling
Same issue as above. - Incorrect.
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