Three federal lawsuits that charge a prominent investment firm with

Could someone please explain me why D is incorrect? Is there any grammatical problem with D or is just because E is more parallel? Also I don't understand why changes must be parallel with releasing and disturbing. Releasing and disturbing I know must be parallel but charge is not part same subject, the lawsuits charge and the financial firm release and disturb. Why they must all be parallel?

the answer (D) is incorrect because it has 2 main verbs '' Charge'' and ''raise", making its structure totally wrong.

Correct Option : E
A) "that charge" is not parallel to "raising". Whenever there is a word such as 'and', 'but', and 'or' try to check the parallelism. Hence this is incorrect.
B) subject (Three federal lawsuits) is plural but verb "raises" is singular. Hence made a subject verb agreement error. Thus incorrect.
C) same error as in option B. Thus incorrect.
D) In a single sentence the main subject will take only one verb. But here the subject (Three federal lawsuits) has 2 verbs a) charge b) raise . Thus incorrect
E) Corrects all the above mistakes.

kudos if it helped you

Three federal lawsuits that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise.

The subject of the sentence is "Three federal lawsuits"

A) that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise
=> In this case, the subject of the sentence lacks main verb, so this choice is wrong

B) charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports and promoting sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise
=> "Raises" is not compatible with main subject "three federal suits"

C) that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, which appears to be on the rise
Same reason as B
D) charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise
"charge" becomes main verb, but "raise" after has no subject for it
E) charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise
"charging..." is adjective phrase, main verb of the sentence is "raise". This question is correct.

Three federal lawsuits that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise.

A - that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise

B - charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports and promoting sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise

C- that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, which appears to be on the rise

D- charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise

E- charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise

Please answer this.

Also please give comments on these 2 new answers

F - that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, which appears to be on the rise

G - charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports and promoting sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise

Want to understand F and G to check where to use charge vs charging and which vs that. Thanks

ANSWER. The given sentence contains a case of illogical parallelism: releasing ... and raising. A lawsuit can charge a firm with releasing fraudulent information, but not with raising disturbing questions. Therefore:

1. Eliminate option A.

2. The subject is the plural LAWSUITS. Therefore, the singular verb RAISES is incorrect. Eliminate options B and C.

3. In order for option D to be correct, the verb RAISE would have to be connected to the previous verb CHARGE by inserting AND before RAISE. Alternatively, the option would have to begin with the relative pronoun THAT to create a relative clause (that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing ...) before the main clause (raise disturbing questions ...). The structure would therefore be lawsuits that charge a prominent investment firm ... raise disturbing questions...
Nevertheless, the option would still be wrong, because the clause that appears to be on the rise is a misplaced modifier that illogically refers to THE FINANCIAL SERVICES INDUSTRY, whereas it really wants to refer to FRAUDULENT BEHAVIOR.

4. To avoid this illogicality, option E discards the pronoun and uses BEHAVIOR to refer back to the previous use of that noun. And since the verbs are all correct, this is the correct option.

OPTIONS F AND G
The beginnings are both acceptable. (Of the two, the GMAT tends to favor the first.)

In F, LAWSUITS is followed by THAT, so introducing a defining relative clause. The problem is the final clause. This is introduced by WHICH, and WHICH refers to the subject that it is next to. Consequently it refers to INDUSTRY, and therefore says that this industry is on the rise. This makes no sense. The intended reference is to BEHAVIOR.

In G, LAWSUITS is followed by CHARGING, which functions here as an adjective describing those lawsuits. There is no problem with this: the problems appear later. The parallel structure made with the use of PROMOTING is illogical, because lawsuits do not charge anyone with promoting sales of mutual funds. And finally, the relative clause introduced by THAT at the end of the sentence has the same problem of illogical modification that option D has: it seems that here, too, INDUSTRY is on the rise - not BEHAVIOR.

In other words, relative clauses introduced by WHICH and THAT need to follow on from the subject that they are intended to modify.

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A) that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise
3 lawsuits charge X with Y and Z where Y is releasing... and Z is raising. this is incorrect.

B) charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports and promoting sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise
lawsuits is plural, while raises is singular - incorrect.

C) that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, which appears to be on the rise
same SV error as in B.

D) charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise
2 verbs not properly connected.

E) charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise
looks good.

Three federal lawsuits that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise.

a) Subject: three federal lawsuits
b) ‘that’ refers to three federal lawsuits
c) ‘charge with’ is correct idiom: It means to charge someone of doing something; impose a crime or a task on someone.
d) Pronoun ‘its’ is singular and thus can refer to firm
e) ‘and’ is a parallel marker and thus the X before it and Y after it must be parallel. ‘with releasing’ and ‘raising’ are parallel.
f) But there is no verb for the subject
Options:

that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise
Incorrect

charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports and promoting sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise
here the subject is a phrase: Three federal lawsuits…………….funds. The verb should agree with the head of the phrase i.e. plural and thus singular verb is incorrect.
The idiom ‘appear to be’ is (I think) incorrect.
Also ‘that’ modifies industry and not behaviour and that is incorrect.

that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, which appears to be on the rise
Same error as B

charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise
Same error as discussed above. Also there are now two verbs for the subject: charge and raise which are not connected properly. And raise is a result of the action of charging a prominent…………..funds.

charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise
This is the correct answer.
Verb-ing modifies the subject and the plural verb for subject is ‘raise’.

Important concepts tested here are:
1) A subject can have more than one verb and if that is so, the verbs must be properly connected using ‘and’.
2) The verbs or phrases connected by the parallelism marker ‘and’ must be parallel.
3) Noun+Noun modifier
4) Reference of relative pronoun modifier ‘that’


'Behavior that appears to be on the rise' is a noun+noun modifier. 'Behavior' is the noun and 'that clause' is a modifier.

Noun+Noun modifier can modify anything in a sentence i.e. it can modify either the complete clause, a noun in the middle of the sentence, or the preceding noun. But the reference must be clear and must make sense.

Answer : E.

This dense sentence includes several verbs, making its structure difficult to follow. The key is the verb “raise” (or “raising” or “raises”) about halfway through the sentence – that verb belongs to the lawsuits, as the point of the sentence is that “three lawsuits raise disturbing questions”. In choice A, the verb “raising” is incorrect for two reasons: one, it logically doesn’t make sense that the investment firm would both release the fraudulent documents and raise the disturbing questions about fraud. Two, without an active verb “raise” belonging to the lawsuits, the sentence doesn’t have a subject and verb. As written, choice A only modifies the lawsuit…it never introduces a verb for the subject.

In B and C, the verb “raises” is singular, but the subject “three lawsuits” is plural.

And in choice D, the active verb “charge” leaves the verb “raise” without a subject (stripped down it reads “lawsuits charge a firm with releasing documents raise” – the verb “raise” is left alone).

Choice E, which commits none of these errors, is correct – but watch out for the unique appositive phrase at the end, a classic GMAT technique of hiding the right answer behind an unfamiliar sentence structure.

OE by Veritas Prep:

E. This dense sentence includes several verbs, making its structure difficult to follow. The key is the verb “raise” (or “raising” or “raises”) about halfway through the sentence – that verb belongs to the lawsuits, as the point of the sentence is that “three lawsuits raise disturbing questions”. In choice A, the verb “raising” is incorrect for two reasons: one, it logically doesn’t make sense that the investment firm would both release the fraudulent documents and raise the disturbing questions about fraud. Two, without an active verb “raise” belonging to the lawsuits, the sentence doesn’t have a subject and verb. As written, choice A only modifies the lawsuit…it never introduces a verb for the subject. In B and C, the verb “raises” is singular, but the subject “three lawsuits” is plural. And in choice D, the active verb “charge” leaves the verb “raise” without a subject (stripped down it reads “lawsuits charge a firm with releasing documents raise” – the verb “raise” is left alone). Choice E, which commits none of these errors, is correct – but watch out for the unique appositive phrase at the end, a classic GMAT technique of hiding the right answer behind an unfamiliar sentence structure.

Three federal lawsuits that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise.

(A) that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise

(B) charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports and promoting sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise

(C) that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, which appears to be on the rise

The noun modifier marked in red incorrectly modifies services industry. Service Industry isn't on the rise, but rather "fraudulent behaviour" is. The touch rule for the noun modifier doesn't let the the modifier modify "fraudulent behaviour".

This sentence uses a preferred construction on GMAT, named as Appositive.
Appositives rename noun phrases and are usually placed beside what they rename. The appositives are nouns that refer to a particular noun in the preceding part. They are adjectival in nature, i.e., they modify only a specific noun. Appositives provide filler (not core) information about the main noun. Such constructions are preferred on the GMAT.

D is eliminated because the choice has no connection between 'charge' and 'raise', right?

Three federal lawsuits that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise.

(A) that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise (Not parallel)

(B) charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports and promoting sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise (same as 'B')

(C) that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, which appears to be on the rise (SV error with 'raises' and modifier error in the end)

(D) charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise (modifier error)

(E) charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise (Correct)

In answer choice E, "Three federal lawsuits charging a prominent investment firm..", the subject - lawsuits - shouldn't be followed by that? Is not a meaning issue here? Lawsuits charging? Can a lawsuit charge someone? That's odd.

Tks!

You've raised two questions:
1. The -ing form is often used to make the that structure a little less wordy. For example:
The person who is driving the car is an expert.

If we "reduce" the clause that describes person, we get a phrase (just driving the car):
The person driving the car is an expert.

2. It is acceptable to say that a lawsuit charged someone. You'll have to look at other situations like this one on a case-by-case basis, as there is no general rule that can give us a yes/no answer to something like this.

Three federal lawsuits that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise.

(A) that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise --> no main verb

(B) charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports and promoting sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise --> "Three federal lawsuits" is plural, "raise" should be used instead of "raises"

(C) that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, which appears to be on the rise --> same as B

(D) charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise --> two verbs "charge & raise" w/o any conjunction

(E) charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise --> correct

Three federal lawsuits that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise.

Split 1 - SV Agreement
Raises does not agree with plural noun lawsuits.

(B) Three federal lawsuits charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports and promoting sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise

(C)Three federal lawsuits that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raises disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, which appears to be on the rise

POE
(A) is missing a verb - the sentence is an incomplete thought. It goes [subject] [relative clause (verb in relative clause)] + NO MAIN VERB

Also "and raising..." is incorrect meaning - the 3 federal lawsuits themselves raise questions, the lawsuits didn't raise the questions

(A) Three federal lawsuits [that charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds] and raising disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise

(D) Three federal lawsuits charge a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise

In D the restrictive That clause should be attached to "behaviour" to modify it. It reads that "industry appears to be on the rise" - nonsensical
Also, the structure of D is Subject + Verb + Preposition + Verb. The second verb "raise" should be better connected to the subject either be parallelism (a conjunction could be added) or otherwise. Just look at (E) for a better example.

(E) charging a prominent investment firm with releasing fraudulent financial reports to promote sales of its mutual funds raise disturbing questions about how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry, behavior that appears to be on the rise

E turns the first verb into a participle and makes "raise" the main verb, fixing the errors identified in (D). It also better connects the last part of the sentence via an absolute phrase.

GMATNinja karishma

In answer choice E, "Three federal lawsuits charging a prominent investment firm..", the subject - lawsuits - shouldn't be followed by that? Is not a meaning issue here? Lawsuits charging? Can a lawsuit charge someone? That's odd.

In D, the final part "...how to control fraudulent behavior in the financial services industry that appears to be on the rise" is ok (meaning)? Shouldn't it be "...how to control fraudulent behavior that appears to be on the rise in the financial services industry"

Many Tks!