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Updated on: 05 Jul 2021, 04:20
Originally posted by taha1234 on 04 Jul 2021, 06:56.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 05 Jul 2021, 04:20, edited 1 time in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 05 Jul 2021, 04:20, edited 1 time in total.
Updated
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Question 1
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
57% (02:09) correct
43%
(02:20) wrong
based on 353
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
47% (01:01) correct 53%
(00:56) wrong
based on 345
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
81% (00:46) correct 19%
(00:53) wrong
based on 331
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
66% (00:41) correct 34%
(00:44) wrong
based on 325
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Panspermia is the hypothesis that life on Earth originated in outer space. It has had a number of supporters since the nineteenth century—some of them quite distinguished—but it has never won general acceptance among biologists. However, recent research has found possible support for panspermia.
Most of the meteorites that strike the Earth originated in the lifeless wastes of the asteroid belt. A few, though, have been identified as fragments that were torn from the Moon and Mars by comets and asteroids, and eventually drifted to Earth. The Moon and Mars are lifeless, but there is reason to believe that, billions of years ago, Mars was warmer and moister than it is now, and capable of supporting life. Indeed, Mars may have been more conducive to the development of life than Earth was at the time. It is feasible that life developed on Mars first, and was carried to Earth on space-borne debris.
But could living organisms have survived the journey through space? The effects of cosmic rays on the known Martian meteorites indicate that they took from 700,000 to 15,000,000 years to reach Earth. It seems inconceivable that any life forms could have survived such conditions for so long. However, computer simulations suggest that fragments hurled into space from a collision on Mars would begin reaching the Earth in only 16,000 years.
Moreover, it is theoretically possible for a Martian fragment to reach Earth in as little as two years. It is therefore conceivable that an improbable stroke of luck allowed a meteor to carry living things from Mars to Earth.
Most of the meteorites that strike the Earth originated in the lifeless wastes of the asteroid belt. A few, though, have been identified as fragments that were torn from the Moon and Mars by comets and asteroids, and eventually drifted to Earth. The Moon and Mars are lifeless, but there is reason to believe that, billions of years ago, Mars was warmer and moister than it is now, and capable of supporting life. Indeed, Mars may have been more conducive to the development of life than Earth was at the time. It is feasible that life developed on Mars first, and was carried to Earth on space-borne debris.
But could living organisms have survived the journey through space? The effects of cosmic rays on the known Martian meteorites indicate that they took from 700,000 to 15,000,000 years to reach Earth. It seems inconceivable that any life forms could have survived such conditions for so long. However, computer simulations suggest that fragments hurled into space from a collision on Mars would begin reaching the Earth in only 16,000 years.
Moreover, it is theoretically possible for a Martian fragment to reach Earth in as little as two years. It is therefore conceivable that an improbable stroke of luck allowed a meteor to carry living things from Mars to Earth.
1. The author's attitude toward panspermia can best be characterized as
A. unqualified support
B. veiled hostility
C. anguished doubt
D. measured skepticism
E. flat rejection
A. unqualified support
B. veiled hostility
C. anguished doubt
D. measured skepticism
E. flat rejection
2. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A. Life did not originate on Earth.
B. Most meteorites do not carry living organisms.
C. There was once life on Mars.
D. Some organisms can live for millions of years in outer space.
E. No reputable scientists accepted panspermia until recently.
A. Life did not originate on Earth.
B. Most meteorites do not carry living organisms.
C. There was once life on Mars.
D. Some organisms can live for millions of years in outer space.
E. No reputable scientists accepted panspermia until recently.
3. The author mentions supporters of panspermia in the first paragraph in order to:
A. prove the validity of the hypothesis
B. demonstrate that great minds often perceive truths that their lesser colleagues overlook
C. suggest that the hypothesis is not inherently unworthy of consideration
D. emphasize the importance of recent research
E. give an example of how even good scientists can make mistakes
A. prove the validity of the hypothesis
B. demonstrate that great minds often perceive truths that their lesser colleagues overlook
C. suggest that the hypothesis is not inherently unworthy of consideration
D. emphasize the importance of recent research
E. give an example of how even good scientists can make mistakes
4. It can be inferred that, for panspermia from Mars to be true, a type of organism would have to be capable of surviving in outer space for at least
A. 2 years
B. 16,000 years
C. 700,000 years
D. 15 million years
E. 2 billion years
A. 2 years
B. 16,000 years
C. 700,000 years
D. 15 million years
E. 2 billion years
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Passage # 264 Date: 05-Jul-2021
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Passage # 264 Date: 05-Jul-2021
This question is a part of RC Butler 2021. Click here for Details
05 Jul 2021, 05:44
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Is the OA for question 1 D because the author has expressed some doubt about the theory being widely accepted ?
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05 Jul 2021, 08:14
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1. The author's attitude toward panspermia can best be characterized as
"It is therefore conceivable that an improbable stroke of luck" indicates author is not very positive on the probability of life coming from Mars to Earth. But, there is some chance
A. unqualified support : Author has some doubts
B. veiled hostility : not outright rejection, as he suggests that by some luck, some organism may have come to Earth.
C. anguished doubt : Author is doubtful but also says that panspermia maybe possible. D is better
D. measured skepticism : Since he casts a doubt but does not reject completely, his position is "measured"
E. flat rejection : Same as B
2. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A. Life did not originate on Earth : Not sure, maybe
B. Most meteorites do not carry living organisms : Author clearly mentions in penultimate paragraph.
C. There was once life on Mars : : Not sure, maybe
D. Some organisms can live for millions of years in outer space : Author tells opposite, he tells that organisms are unlikely to survive
E. No reputable scientists accepted panspermia until recently : No mention of "reputation" or credibility of researchers
3. The author mentions supporters of panspermia in the first paragraph in order to:
A. prove the validity of the hypothesis : Irrelevant, in the introduction, author is introducing the context for his discussion
B. demonstrate that great minds often perceive truths that their lesser colleagues overlook : No mention of credibility of researchers anywhere
C. suggest that the hypothesis is not inherently unworthy of consideration : POE. Yes, since some researchers support the theory, and there is similar recent research, as mentioned in para 1 itself.
D. emphasize the importance of recent research : This is mentioned in later stages for the paragraph. The supporters have no links with this research.
E. give an example of how even good scientists can make mistakes : Again, no good bad distinctions have been made.
4. It can be inferred that, for panspermia from Mars to be true, a type of organism would have to be capable of surviving in outer space for at least
A. 2 years : Clearly mentioned in last para.
B. 16,000 years : TRAP Quick skimming may suggest this, as it is mentioned in penultimate paragraph
C. 700,000 years
D. 15 million years
E. 2 billion years
"It is therefore conceivable that an improbable stroke of luck" indicates author is not very positive on the probability of life coming from Mars to Earth. But, there is some chance
A. unqualified support : Author has some doubts
B. veiled hostility : not outright rejection, as he suggests that by some luck, some organism may have come to Earth.
C. anguished doubt : Author is doubtful but also says that panspermia maybe possible. D is better
D. measured skepticism : Since he casts a doubt but does not reject completely, his position is "measured"
E. flat rejection : Same as B
2. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A. Life did not originate on Earth : Not sure, maybe
B. Most meteorites do not carry living organisms : Author clearly mentions in penultimate paragraph.
C. There was once life on Mars : : Not sure, maybe
D. Some organisms can live for millions of years in outer space : Author tells opposite, he tells that organisms are unlikely to survive
E. No reputable scientists accepted panspermia until recently : No mention of "reputation" or credibility of researchers
3. The author mentions supporters of panspermia in the first paragraph in order to:
A. prove the validity of the hypothesis : Irrelevant, in the introduction, author is introducing the context for his discussion
B. demonstrate that great minds often perceive truths that their lesser colleagues overlook : No mention of credibility of researchers anywhere
C. suggest that the hypothesis is not inherently unworthy of consideration : POE. Yes, since some researchers support the theory, and there is similar recent research, as mentioned in para 1 itself.
D. emphasize the importance of recent research : This is mentioned in later stages for the paragraph. The supporters have no links with this research.
E. give an example of how even good scientists can make mistakes : Again, no good bad distinctions have been made.
4. It can be inferred that, for panspermia from Mars to be true, a type of organism would have to be capable of surviving in outer space for at least
A. 2 years : Clearly mentioned in last para.
B. 16,000 years : TRAP Quick skimming may suggest this, as it is mentioned in penultimate paragraph
C. 700,000 years
D. 15 million years
E. 2 billion years
