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My answer is (D). It took me 03:15 partly because (D) contains an extra comma and thus entails more scrutiny.

(ABC) can be eliminated with confidence because they are not complete sentences. In addition,
(A) "it made" cannot be parallel with "using the power". "with" is superfluous.
(B) "with" is superfluous.
(C) "they" in "they increased" has no clear antecedent.

(D) This sentence features nested lists.
"shedding, picking, and battening" are parallel.
"to perform" and "to make" are parallel. Because there are just two items, no comma should be added between "to perform" and "and to make". We are being strict here. GMAT SC is quite strict.
Still, (D) is the best answer among five options.

(E) Which item is to be parallel with "making all possible spun threads usable"? (It is right after "and", so it has to be parallel with some -ing phrases".
How about "the shedding, picking, and battening"? This list is already completed with the "and" before the last item.
Also, "to perform making all possible spun threads usable" does not make sense.
So, this sentence is much flawed.
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Patented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785, the power loom, with using the power of water to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving and it made possible all use of spun threads so as to increase overall cloth production.


A) loom, with using the power to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving and it made possible all use of spun threads so as to increase

No main verb.Subject is the power loom but it has no main verb .So this sentence is fragment error

B) loom, with using the power of water to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving, and with making the usage of all spun threads possible to prevent
No main verb.Same as A

C) loom, which used the power of water to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving, and made possible all usage of spun threads so that they increased
Again same as A

D) loom used the power of water to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving, and to make the usage of all spun threads possible to increase
i don't think there was need of comma at the last. To make and to perform are parallel.
Correct answer
E) loom used the power of water to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving and making all possible spun threads usable so that it increased
Weaving and making seems to be parallel but that is wrong.. Also pronoun it seems to be wrong
Correct ans is D

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Patented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785, the power loom, with using the power of water to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving and it made possible all use of spun threads so as to increase overall cloth production.

A) loom, with using the power to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving and it made possible all use of spun threads so as to increase -> with using power doesn't make sense. "with" is used to give the result of the action in preceding clause. "And it made possible" is not parallel to any part. Incorrect.

B) loom, with using the power of water to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving, and with making the usage of all spun threads possible to prevent -> "prevent overall cloth production" is not the intended meaning. Incorrect.

C) loom, which used the power of water to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving, and made possible all usage of spun threads so that they increased -> to perform and made are not parallel. There are other errors as well. Incorrect.

D) loom used the power of water to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving, and to make the usage of all spun threads possible to increase -> This is better. We have "to perform" and "to make" are parallel. Let's keep it.

E) loom used the power of water to perform the shedding, picking, and battening actions of weaving and making all possible spun threads usable so that it increased -> Same as C. Incorrect.

So, I think D. :)
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