| Critical Reasoning Butler: March 2025 |
| March 18 | CR 1 | CR 2 |
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CR 1 In recent years, material scientists have developed several types of building materials that are highly resistant to seismic damage. Unfortunately, these materials are still quite expensive to manufacture in large quantities. Thus,
for many builders, the savings on incorporating complex anti-earthquake designs into their projects would not compensate for the higher material costs. However, since many governments continue to pass regulations mandating that all possible risk-mitigation measures be applied in construction work, the use of these building materials is still likely to become an industry standard.
In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first supplies a context applicable to the argument; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.
B. The first presents a development predicted to have a specific outcome by the argument; the second recognizes a consideration that tends to weigh against that prediction.
C. The first introduces a development predicted to have a specific outcome by the argument; the second is a state of affairs that, as per the argument, contributes to bringing about that outcome.
D. The first provides evidence in support of a prediction that the argument seeks to defend; the second is that prediction.
E. The first and the second each provide evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument.
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CR 2 There are medical imaging software that can analyze MRI and CAT scan results to identify abnormal internal structures. However, these software work by comparing the degree of similarity between the image of the patient and an expected image rather than exact identity. After all, there is no exact internal structure. Software systems such as these can be modified to minimize false negatives, that is negative results in patients with an internal disease, but doing so may increase the likelihood of false positives, that is positive results in patients with no internal disease.
Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?
A. If these software were made to work by exact identification, they would not produce any incorrect results.
B. Doctors choosing a method to analyze MRI and CAT scans for abnormal structures should base the choice solely on the ratio of false positives to false negatives.
C. These software are only appropriate in situations in which a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure is less dangerous than failing to identify an abnormal structure is.
D. Manual analysis of MRI and CAT scans is less likely than software-based analysis to produce a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure.
E. If these software reliably prevent negative results in patients with an internal disease, they may sometimes produce false positive results.