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Problem Solving Butler: March 2025
March 16PS 1PS 2

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PS 1

A lab has 5 Nitrogen cylinders. The standard deviation of the volume of Nitrogen in the 5 cylinders is 7 gallons. During an experiment, 20% Nitrogen was removed from each cylinder; thereafter, 2 gallons of Nitrogen was added into each cylinder; finally, 20%, of the then volume in each cylinder, Nitrogen was pumped into each cylinder. At the end of the three step experiment, what was the standard deviation of the volume of Nitrogen in the 5 cylinders?

A. 6.72
B. 7
C. 8.72
D. 9.12
E. 11.12
______________________
PS 2

The list X consists of 13 consecutive integers. If -4 is the median of the set, what is the range of the negative integers in the list X ?

A. 6
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
E. 12
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Critical Reasoning Butler: March 2025
March 16CR 1CR 2

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CR 1

Conventional wisdom would suggest providing aid to small businesses first during a recession because they are at the greatest risk of collapsing if they encounter a financial crisis. The current recession poses especially harsh risks to small businesses and almost none to financial institutions, particularly banks. Nevertheless, economic experts are recommending providing aid to banks first rather than to small businesses.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest reason for the economic experts’ recommendation?

A. Banks are vulnerable to financial crisis when their revenue streams are severely impacted by other factors.
B. Banks are no more likely than small businesses to be able to weather a recession if they have not experienced a previous recession of similar magnitude.
C. The aid received by banks during the previous recession will be of no benefit during the current recession.
D. Small businesses that successfully weather a financial crisis are likely to develop sound strategies for overcoming at least some major financial challenges that they have not faced thus far.
E. During recessions, in the absence of aid, banks generally put stringent limits on the disbursement of loans, which are essential for small businesses to function.
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CEO: Many potential investors who have only received second-hand accounts of our internal workings believe that we have an inadequate Human Resources Department. This belief is unfounded, as evidenced by the fact that over the past four years, this company has devoted more resources to improving hiring processes and employee discipline protocols than any of our peers have.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the reasoning in the CEO’s argument?

A. In the CEO’s company, expenditure on the Human Resources Department has been rising more slowly over the past four years than it has in several other similar companies.
B. In general, the adequacy of a company’s Human Resources Department is not as important to an investor considering investing in the company as is the company’s overall market share.
C. Only companies with severely inadequate Human Resources departments need to spend large amounts of resources on improving hiring processes and employee discipline protocols.
D. Generally, the efficiency of a company’s Human Resources Department depends on the number of employees and local labor laws.
E. Over the past four years, several prominent investors have invested in the company.
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NEW - Reading Comprehension Butler!


Reading Comprehension Butler: March 2025
March 16RC 1
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Data Sufficiency Butler: March 2025
March 16DS 1DS 2

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DS 1

Last Saturday, the Aurora Theatre sold two types of tickets for the same show: Front Row tickets and Upper Level tickets. Each Front Row ticket sold for the same price, and each Upper Level ticket sold for the same price. What was the ratio of the theatre’s total revenue from Front Row tickets to its total revenue from Upper Level tickets?

(1) Last Saturday, the theatre sold 3 times as many Front Row tickets as Upper Level tickets.

(2) Last Saturday, each Upper Level ticket cost 20 euros more than each Front Row ticket.
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DS 2

Leo starts assembling gift boxes for a charity event. He starts working alone, and later Hugo joins him to help finish the job. If a total of 96 boxes are assembled altogether, with some assembled by Leo alone and the rest assembled by Leo and Hugo working together, how many boxes had Leo already assembled by the time Hugo started helping?

(1) Working together, Leo and Hugo assemble 24 boxes per hour.
(2) Leo and Hugo worked together for a total of three hours.
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Problem Solving Butler: March 2025
March 17PS 1PS 2

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PS 1

The average weight of students in a class of 25 was 30 kilograms. Four new students joined and the weight increased to 31 kilograms. If the weights of the new students are in integers, the weight of no two students is the same, and the heaviest student weighs 42 kilograms, what is the highest possible weight of the lightest new student?

A. 33
B. 34
C. 35
D. 36
E. 41
______________________
PS 2

X varies directly with Y and inversely with the cube of Z. When Y = 120 and Z = 2, X is equal to 10. What is X + Y when X = 10 and Z = 3 ?

A. 91
B. 106
C. 325
D. 405
E. 415
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Critical Reasoning Butler: March 2025
March 17CR 1CR 2

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CR 1

The average water temperature in the Bay of Fundy was forty degrees Fahrenheit last winter, but this winter it is forty-three degrees Fahrenheit. Therefore, we can conclude that the water in the Bay of Fundy is warming and its temperature will be higher still next winter.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?

A. The water temperature estimations were computed on the basis of a representative sample of environmental data rather than the entirety of available data.
B. Government intervention cannot significantly affect the water temperature in the Bay of Fundy.
C. The warming of the Bay of Fundy is tied to the speed of the ocean currents, and an average winter temperature of forty-three degrees Fahrenheit results in increased current flow from warmer waters in the east, further warming the bay.
D. The average water temperature of forty degrees Fahrenheit last winter represented a ten-year low.
E. Last winter, an anomalous arctic wind flow brought the average water temperature in the Bay of Fundy below the recent stable average temperature of forty-three degrees Fahrenheit.
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Methodical, carefully planned tactics are typically considered preferable to improvisational tactics for tackling challenges on the battlefield. Yet, recent research has found that high-ranking military officers rely on improvisation significantly more than do most middle-ranked or low-ranked officers. This finding confirms the opposing viewpoint that improvisational planning is in fact more effective than careful, methodical planning.

The conclusion above is based on which of the following assumptions?

A) Methodical, careful planning is unsuitable for tackling many real-life challenges.
B) High-ranking military officers are capable of using either improvisational planning or methodical, careful planning in tackling challenges.
C) The challenges tackled by middle-ranked and lower-ranked military officers can be handled as easily by using methodical planning as by using improvisational planning.
D) High-ranking military officers are more effective at tackling challenges than are middle-ranking or low-ranking military officers.
E) High-ranking military officers use improvisational planning in tackling the majority of their challenges.
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NEW - Reading Comprehension Butler!

Reading Comprehension Butler: March 2025
March 17RC 1
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Data Sufficiency Butler: March 2025
March 17DS 1DS 2

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DS 1

On Halloween night, while trick-or-treating, Lucy is offered a bowl that contains only lemon candies and chocolate bars. If Lucy randomly takes 5 items from the bowl without replacement, what is the probability that at least n of the 5 items are lemon candies?

(1) The probability that all 5 items Lucy takes are chocolate bars is 1/21.
(2) n = 1.
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DS 2

Nora and Felix are riding electric scooters at constant speeds along the same bike path from the same starting plaza to Central Station. Felix leaves first and by the time Nora leaves, Felix is already 14 kilometers ahead. If Nora rides faster than Felix, how long after Nora leaves will Nora be 1 kilometer ahead of Felix?

(1) Nora catches up to Felix 7 minutes after she leaves the plaza.

(2) Nora arrives at Central Station 12 minutes before Felix does.
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depend on common sense :-P , I choose A

for the last verbal question...
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Problem Solving Butler: March 2025
March 18PS 1PS 2

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PS 1

Set S had 20 different positive integers. A 21st integer, equivalent to the mean of the set, was added to the set. Which of the following statistics for the group must have changed?

I. Mean
II. Median
III. Standard Deviation

A. II only
B. III only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III

________________________
PS 2

For a set of five distinct integers, the median, as well as the mean, is 24. If the range of the set is 16, what is the greatest possible value of the smallest integer in the set?

A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 20
E. 22
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Critical Reasoning Butler: March 2025
March 18CR 1CR 2

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CR 1

In recent years, material scientists have developed several types of building materials that are highly resistant to seismic damage. Unfortunately, these materials are still quite expensive to manufacture in large quantities. Thus, for many builders, the savings on incorporating complex anti-earthquake designs into their projects would not compensate for the higher material costs. However, since many governments continue to pass regulations mandating that all possible risk-mitigation measures be applied in construction work, the use of these building materials is still likely to become an industry standard.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first supplies a context applicable to the argument; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.
B. The first presents a development predicted to have a specific outcome by the argument; the second recognizes a consideration that tends to weigh against that prediction.
C. The first introduces a development predicted to have a specific outcome by the argument; the second is a state of affairs that, as per the argument, contributes to bringing about that outcome.
D. The first provides evidence in support of a prediction that the argument seeks to defend; the second is that prediction.
E. The first and the second each provide evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument.
_________________________
CR 2

There are medical imaging software that can analyze MRI and CAT scan results to identify abnormal internal structures. However, these software work by comparing the degree of similarity between the image of the patient and an expected image rather than exact identity. After all, there is no exact internal structure. Software systems such as these can be modified to minimize false negatives, that is negative results in patients with an internal disease, but doing so may increase the likelihood of false positives, that is positive results in patients with no internal disease.

Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?

A. If these software were made to work by exact identification, they would not produce any incorrect results.
B. Doctors choosing a method to analyze MRI and CAT scans for abnormal structures should base the choice solely on the ratio of false positives to false negatives.
C. These software are only appropriate in situations in which a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure is less dangerous than failing to identify an abnormal structure is.
D. Manual analysis of MRI and CAT scans is less likely than software-based analysis to produce a false positive in identifying an abnormal structure.
E. If these software reliably prevent negative results in patients with an internal disease, they may sometimes produce false positive results.
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NEW - Reading Comprehension Butler!


Reading Comprehension Butler: March 2025
March 18RC 1
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