Bunuel
Professor Knight has noticed that students who guess on her multiple-choice tests are significantly more likely to choose answer choice C instead of A, B, D, or E. Basing her judgment on the fact that a variety of students from different social groups and backgrounds all do this, she has concluded that this tendency was acquired from her colleague Professor Leigh's habit of predominantly using C as a correct answer choice, rather than students' natural tendency to choose the middle letter. Professors Knight and Leigh are the only professors who give multiple choice tests in the required classes of the first and second year.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by Professor Knight?
(A) She has noticed that students tend to choose C only at her current school, rather than having noticed this tendency throughout her career.
(B) Professor Knight’s first-year students do not pick C more than any other letter, but her second-year students, who have all taken the same required classes, do.
(C) Professor Leigh has a similar theory and believes that Professor Knight is the cause.
(D) The students are required to take the same classes during their first year, but, with the exception of one required lecture, can choose their electives during their second year.
(E) Previous students who learned test techniques from Professor Leigh applied these techniques to tests in Professor Knight's class
Official Explanation
Answer = (B). Professor Knight thinks that students are learning to choose C from their experience in another class, because she’s noticed that they choose this more often than the other letters. To strengthen the evidence for this argument, we need a reason that students might choose to do this that stems from the school itself. (B) provides us with this link, as it implies that students learn sometime during their first year to pick this answer choice more than others.
(A) isn’t a strong strengthener, because the additional variable of time comes into play—maybe all students of this generation have begun to choose C more than previous generations, and Professor Knight is attributing it to her current school because she’s been there for only five years.
(C) is interesting. If Leigh and Knight each blame each other for the problem, then it may be something both of them are doing, or it may have a cause beyond what either of them is doing. Either way weakens Professor Knight's theory.
(D) almost provides a good explanation, but stops just short of doing so. So what if the students take the same classes one year and not the other? If it doesn’t have anything to do with picking C, which this answer choice doesn’t, it’s not relevant for our purposes.
In (E), we have a case of students applying test-taking techniques to Professor Knight’s class, but we don’t know what these techniques were, nor do we know if students still do this. Whatever the test techniques may be, it is highly unlikely that Professor Leigh would baldly say, "The answers on my tests is usually (C), so that's what you should always pick." Such a statement would completely subvert the educational process, and it is hard to imagine that any educator would be inclined to do so. It's unclear whether the test-taking techniques themselves or the patterns noticed independently by the students are more responsible the students choosing (C) most frequently. Choice (E) leaves us with too many questions.