Two important things here:
1) Facts can include expressions of probability. For instance, these are all statements of fact:
*If you roll a die 20 times, it will probably not produce the same result each time.
*If you spend time in France, you are likely to encounter some French people.
*The sun is almost certain to rise tomorrow morning.
*If I race a world-champion sprinter, the champion is likely to win the race.
These aren't opinions, so much as rational expressions of probability. We're not saying that the improbable thing CANNOT happen ("If you buy a lottery ticket, you will lose"), but merely providing information about the likely result given the facts of the situation.
2) Premises don't have to be facts. All conclusions are opinions, but not all opinions are conclusions. Premises can be facts or opinions. We just have to ACCEPT them as true for the purposes of the argument. For instance, if an argument said "Poems are better than short stories, so poets probably earn more money than short story writers," the first part would be a premise and the second a conclusion. Both are opinions, but the first is used to support the second, and is not based on any other given information. So for the purposes of our task, we accept it, or at least don't argue with it. You may love short stories, but your process should involved looking at the disconnect between premise and conclusion. *If* it were true that poems were better, that still wouldn't prove the conclusion, because we don't know that making better works is more profitable. The author's assumption is about the link between quality and financial gain, and we don't spend time questioning their initial opinion.
In the case of the second bold, the author never actually says that anything is "likely." They just say that a certain result *may* occur. I can see how this feels like an opinion--after all, how do they know what may occur?--but again, opinions can be premises.
In any case, this is an official question, so we definitely want to accept the answer.
rajeevvarmajaga
The second part of the boldface statement uses the word 'likely,' which indicates a probability rather than a certainty. Since premises in a valid argument should be factual, I believe it should not be considered a premise. So, I have chosen option C over option E.