question on SC. doubt

Question

Large banks, hedge funds and private investors hungry for new and lucrative opportunities  are bankrolling other people‘s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars for medical malpractice claims, divorcing battles and class actions against corporations

A. are bankrolling other people‘s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars for medical malpractice claims, divorcing battles and class actions
against corporations

B. will bankroll other people‘s lawsuits, pump hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations

C. are bankrolling other people’s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations

D. to bankroll other people‘s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, for divorce battles and class actions against corporations

E. are bankrolling other people‘s lawsuits, for pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, for divorce battles and class actions against corporations

phoenixreborn · Answer

my doubt is, is 'divorce battles and class actions' considered as one unit? or is 'class actions' the last of the list and therefore should have an AND before it?

and what all are parallel in the above sentence ??

Answer Spoiler  
i went for answer B. but the official answer says that's it's the option after B.

Gtravis213 · Answer

Hi there.

The answer is "C".

Banks are plural and therefore require "are", and "divorcing battles" needs to be "divorce battles", since it is used as a noun in this sentence.

phoenixreborn · Answer

could you please mention what all are parallel. i'm quite confised

Gtravis213 · Answer

It's a bit tricky, but bankrolling and pumping need to be parallel. The Last few items are examples of actions banks are performing and should not be in the "ing" format (they are not parallel) but rather as nouns or actions since they are the object of the sentence.

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ConnectTheDots · Answer

Go for C.
Present continuous for ongoing action
pump into
we need -ing clause to describe previous action (bankrolling...)

phoenixreborn · Answer

ok so basically 'divorce battles' and 'class actions' along with 'medical malpractise claims' are what the banks are 'pumping' ?

DonQuixote · Answer

As with most SC questions, eliminating the wrong answers by looking for mistakes in 'em lets you arrive at the answer fairly quickly and easily.

A: "Pumping... for" - you pump into, not for. Unless you're pumping something on behalf of some other entity, which doesn't apply here.
B: Goes "x, y" and has no "and z". This makes it unwieldy, and so we can eliminate it as well.
D: The other posters have noted that keeping your verb forms consistent is important - therefore, "bankrolling" and "pumping". This eliminates D.
E: "... bankrolling lawsuits... for pumping... for divorce battles" - this just doesn't make a whole lot of sense.

C remains the only suitable option.

rjacobsMGMAT · Answer

This problem tests your ability to understand the different ways in which -ing words can be used. Here's the correct version of the sentence (answer choice (C)):

Large banks, hedge funds and private investors hungry for new and lucrative opportunities are bankrolling other people’s lawsuits, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into medical malpractice claims, divorce battles and class actions against corporations.

People who read the sentence blindly will think that "bankrolling" needs to be parallel to "pumping," but this is not the case. Remember that -ing words can be part of a complex verb, the beginning of a modifier, or an action noun (gerund). Here, "are bankrolling" is a verb, but "pumping" begins a modifier that modifies the verb "are bankrolling." The only parallel structure that matters is this one:

pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into
  medical malpractice claims 
 divorce battles 
 class actions against corporations

(A), (D), and (E) butcher this parallel structure. (B) doesn't work because it says "pump" instead of "pumping", so the modifier is wrong.

The modifier/parallelism combo gets us all the way to the answer here, without having to think about a different topic for each answer choice.

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