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29 May 2025, 21:55
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This is an excerpt from the chapter "Strengthen the Conclusion" in our book "EducationAisle Critical Reasoning Nirvana":
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Patterns in Strengthen the Conclusion
When the cause does not occur, the effect does not occur
If the argument attributes an effect to a cause, one way to strengthen this causal relationship is to provide evidence that when the cause does not occur, the effect does not (or is very unlikely to) occur. For instance, if the argument concludes that Cholera is caused by contaminated food, a correct option would provide evidence that no instances of Cholera have been reported among people who take care to consume only uncontaminated food.
Easy, isn't it? Let us see how skilled you are at applying this concept, to the question below:
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Archaeologists have recently unearthed a few cast-bronze figures. There is some debate whether these cast-bronze figures belonged to the Mesopotamian Civilization, the Egyptian Civilization, or the Indus Valley Civilization. In view of the specific shapes and characteristics of these figures, there is an increasing agreement that these figures belonged to the Indus Valley Civilization.
What, if true, most strengthens the opinion that these figures belonged to the Indus Valley Civilization?
GMAT-Club-Forum-h50pwu71.png [ 36.74 KiB | Viewed 680 times ]
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Patterns in Strengthen the Conclusion
When the cause does not occur, the effect does not occur
If the argument attributes an effect to a cause, one way to strengthen this causal relationship is to provide evidence that when the cause does not occur, the effect does not (or is very unlikely to) occur. For instance, if the argument concludes that Cholera is caused by contaminated food, a correct option would provide evidence that no instances of Cholera have been reported among people who take care to consume only uncontaminated food.
Easy, isn't it? Let us see how skilled you are at applying this concept, to the question below:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Archaeologists have recently unearthed a few cast-bronze figures. There is some debate whether these cast-bronze figures belonged to the Mesopotamian Civilization, the Egyptian Civilization, or the Indus Valley Civilization. In view of the specific shapes and characteristics of these figures, there is an increasing agreement that these figures belonged to the Indus Valley Civilization.
What, if true, most strengthens the opinion that these figures belonged to the Indus Valley Civilization?
Attachment:
GMAT-Club-Forum-h50pwu71.png [ 36.74 KiB | Viewed 680 times ]
02 Jun 2025, 22:27
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Solution
One correct answer to the above question is:
The cast-bronze figures have been dated between 1500 BC and 1300 BC. 1300 BC marked the end of the Indus Valley Civilization, though Mesopotamian Civilization and Egyptian Civilization ended many centuries later.
The argument attributes the recently unearthed cast-bronze figures to Indus Valley Civilization. The correct answer choice provides evidence that when the cause (Indus Valley Civilization) ceased to exist (in 1300 BC), the effect (cast-bronze figures) also ceased to exist. This evidence gives a strong reason to believe that cast-bronze figures were created by the artisans of the Indus Valley Civilization.
One correct answer to the above question is:
The cast-bronze figures have been dated between 1500 BC and 1300 BC. 1300 BC marked the end of the Indus Valley Civilization, though Mesopotamian Civilization and Egyptian Civilization ended many centuries later.
The argument attributes the recently unearthed cast-bronze figures to Indus Valley Civilization. The correct answer choice provides evidence that when the cause (Indus Valley Civilization) ceased to exist (in 1300 BC), the effect (cast-bronze figures) also ceased to exist. This evidence gives a strong reason to believe that cast-bronze figures were created by the artisans of the Indus Valley Civilization.
14 Jul 2025, 04:51
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The conclusion is best strengthened by showing that such bronze figures have not been found in Mesopotamian or Egyptian civilizations. If others didn’t make them, it supports that they belong to the Indus Valley Civilization.
