It was a nice passage, I would say.

The important thing is to pay attention on what the passage says and what is asked by the questions.

Try to break al the answers one by one, go step by step ahead like me



For the first one is B because:

A) They are powered by superheated particles spiraling toward black holes. Is not true

B) Their exact energy source remains a question for scientists. TRUE the passage says " The nature of the engine that powers the processes in radio galaxies and quasars is still a mystery"

C) They stretch more than 10 million light years across. We already know

D) They are probably responsible for the formation of radio jets around the centers of active galaxies. The red part about jets imply that they go toward NOT around

E) They are always symmetric in their orientation. We have symmetric lobes but nothig is said about orientation.

The sesond one is A, same reasoning is applyed to find the correct answer:

A) Some particles become greatly condensed and raised to high temperatures as they near the entrances to black holes. from the passage "Theorists commonly suppose that material spiraling toward a black hole becomes compressed and heated to a temperature of millions of degrees before it vanishes into the hole’s interior"

B) Many exotic phenomena have been observed in and around the centers of active galaxies. is not the point

C) High-speed particles do, in fact, shoot along narrow channels and transport energy from quasars and radio galaxies to their lobes. from the passage "He proposed that high-speed particles shooting along narrow channels could transport this energy" not the word could instead of the word in the answer DO. this shift imply that can't be the correct answer : could is not TRUE. maybe yes or maybe no

D) Particles inside black holes have been shown to reach temperatures of several million degrees. Once again here the theorist SUPPOSE the heat not has observed it

E) adio emissions of radio galaxies were found to have different wavelengths from those of quasars. I didn't read wavelenght anywhere in the passage
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If we do have evidence that the temperature is indeed high --- how does that even prove that the theory is more likely to happen?
We don't need evidence to prove that the temperature is high ... We need to add something that will make the theory more likely (of what actually happens that leads to those high temperatures) possible.

Focus on the second-to-last sentence:
"Theorists commonly suppose that material spiraling toward a black hole becomes compressed and heated to a temperature of millions of degrees before it vanishes into the hole’s interior."

If choice A were true, then the theorists' supposition works. Without it, the theory can't even happen.
Choice D actually relies on Choice A, in order to be true. Choice D just says something that has no bearing on whether the theory can happen.

Choice A is what the theorists' theory completely relies on.

let me try the first question.
1. According to the passage, which one of the following is an accurate statement concerning radio-emitting lobes? So we need to find the statement that is considered accurate.
They are powered by superheated particles spiraling toward black holes. They are maybe powered by superheated particles...But according to the passage, this statement is only one of possible explanations. The underlying explanation is still unknown. So this is not accurate. This answer could be correct if "They are probaly powered by superheated particles spiraling toward black holes.
Their exact energy source remains a question for scientists. Correct! This is mentioned in the passage: The nature of the engine that powers the processes in radio galaxies and quasars is still a mystery.
They stretch more than 10 million light years across. Radio galaxies and quasars can stretch more than 10 million light years across; however, Wwe don't know whether their radio-emitting lobes can.
They are probably responsible for the formation of radio jets around the centers of active galaxies. The superheated particles circling the hole (not radio-emitting lobes) may be responsible for various exotic phenomena that occur in and around the centers of active galaxies, such as the formation of radio jets.
They are always symmetric in their orientation. We know that they are symmetric, but the way in which they are symmetric is unknown.

Hope it helps!

For the first question :

A) They are powered by superheated particles spiraling toward black holes. - This is some astronomers' hypothesis which is not shown to be the accurate and final hypothesis and we can't take a side here. Not a correct one.

B) Their exact energy source remains a question for scientists. CORRECT - Lobes are powered by some engines in the center of the galaxy. The nature of the engine is not clear(even though a plausible hypothesis exists)

C) They stretch more than 10 million light years across. - Lobes "can usually stretch" for more than 10 million light years across NOT for sure

D) They are probably responsible for the formation of radio jets around the centers of active galaxies. - Radio jets connect the center/engine of the galaxy and emissions from outer extremes of the radio lobes

E) They are always symmetric in their orientation. - Always is incorrect here.

If you like the reasoning, please press "KUDOS"

For question 2, my reasoning is the below,
Option A is correct because the supposition which was mentioned in the paragraph is being said to be true here. So, if this is true, it indeed strengthens the hypothesis. So, this is correct.
Option B is irrelevant because it doesn't help us get more information about the black holes.
Option C talks about the energy transmission happening from the core (black holes) to the lobes but does not talk about the part played by black holes or how it generates the energy.
Option D talks about particles inside black holes reaching temperatures of several million degrees. However, we are concerned about what happens outside the black hole, so, this can option can be eliminated.
Option E talks about wavelengths and since it wasn't mentioned anywhere in the paragraph, we can eliminate this.